Ali Reza Kalantari; Noora Rafiee; Saeed Hosseni; Somaye Noori Hekmat; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Reza Dehnavieh
Abstract
Background Medical education development (MED) centers are established in order to improve the quality of medical education. It seems that after more than two decades since the establishment, the centers still have difficulties to perform some tasks. Objectives According to the important role of MED ...
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Background Medical education development (MED) centers are established in order to improve the quality of medical education. It seems that after more than two decades since the establishment, the centers still have difficulties to perform some tasks. Objectives According to the important role of MED centers, the current study aimed at adapting the performances of such centers with their assigned tasks. Methods The current qualitative applied study was conducted in 2013. The statistical population of the study included managers of MED centers in Iran. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing open questions. During a national meeting the questionnaire distributed among 40 managers of MED centers and then analyzed using content analysis. Results More than half of the major functions that the managers stated, were referred to the first, second, and fourth tasks of the centers, and only 18% of the major functions were related to other tasks (11 cases). About 28% of the functions performed in such centers had no direct correlation with any of the 14 tasks. Conclusions Despite the history of MED centers for several decades, they are not justified in respect to their duties. It is recommended that guidelines be developed to address all duties and adequately monitor their implementation.
Mahmoud Reza Dehghani; Mahla Salajegheh; Majid Fasihi Harandi; Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy; Bahareh Bahman Bijari; Zeynab Shakiba; Zahra Fatahi
Abstract
Background Attempts to increase the development of faculty members can improve their ability to assume different roles. Objectives The purpose of this study was to design, implementation, and evaluation a medical education fellowship program for the faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences ...
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Background Attempts to increase the development of faculty members can improve their ability to assume different roles. Objectives The purpose of this study was to design, implementation, and evaluation a medical education fellowship program for the faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences and to propose practical recommendations for the future design of development programs. Methods In this semi-experimental study, a total of 53 faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences participated in a one-year development program, which was designed by the Education Development Center and included the main disciplines of medical education. The program was evaluated in several steps, using the Kirkpatrick model. Results In the first level of Kirkpatrick model, the majority of the participants were satisfied with the general quality of the fellowship program. Based on the findings, the program led to an increase in the knowledge of faculty members and promoted a more positive attitude towards education and these programs. The findings related to the second level of Kirkpatrick model showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results (P < 0.05). In addition, analysis of the effects of the program on the participants’ behaviors and practical learning indicated positive changes. Conclusions The medical education fellowship program led to positive changes in the participants’ attitudes towards education and faculty development programs and increased their knowledge about educational principles and strategies and achieving of training skills. It can be concluded that the medical education fellowship program could achieve many of its preset goals.
Afshin Mousavi Chelak; Hasan Kaviani
Abstract
Objectives Considering the contradictory evidence on the effectiveness of educational technologies, this meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of these technologies on medical education. Data Sources This meta-analysis was conducted based on secondary analysis methods. The analysis included ...
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Objectives Considering the contradictory evidence on the effectiveness of educational technologies, this meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of these technologies on medical education. Data Sources This meta-analysis was conducted based on secondary analysis methods. The analysis included experimental and semi-experimental studies on the effectiveness of educational technologies in the medical education of Iran. The census sampling method was applied in this study, and 54 studies were identified as relevant based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For data collection, a researcher-made checklist consisting of three sections, i.e., bibliographic information, methodological information, and findings, was completed. Finally, the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software was used for analysis of data. Results Among different educational technologies, multimedia education, E-learning, and computer-mediated learning using compact discs and software packages had significant effects on medical education; therefore, use of these technologies was effective in medical education. According to our findings, multimedia education (effect size, 1.793) was considered to be the most influential virtual technology in medical education. In general, all educational technologies were effective in the medical education of Iran; however, their effectiveness was insubstantial. Considering the area under the normal curve, the average effectiveness of educational technologies was 63% higher in the virtual education groups, compared to the controls without virtual education. Conclusions One of the most important issues in medical education and training is preparation of an engaging learning environment for students, which can be realized through a variety of educational technologies. However, for optimal effectiveness, complementary use of virtual technologies along with traditional methods or their integration in other educational approaches is suggested.
Abdolhussein Shakurnia; Maryam Baniasad
Abstract
Background Since medical students play an important role in public health system as well as the treatment of patients, the need for critical thinking in them is extensively felt. The current study aimed at evaluating the level of critical thinking disposition (CTD) in the first- and last-year medical ...
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Background Since medical students play an important role in public health system as well as the treatment of patients, the need for critical thinking in them is extensively felt. The current study aimed at evaluating the level of critical thinking disposition (CTD) in the first- and last-year medical students and its association with goal orientation in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods The current cross sectional study used critical thinking disposition inventory (CTDI) developed by Rudd and Ricketts, and achievement goal questionnaire-revised (AGQ-R) developed by McGregor and Elliot to collect data. The questionnaires were distributed among 255 students of which 204 (80%) students completed them. Data were analyzed using -test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Of the 204 studied subjects, 104 were the first-year and 100 the last-year medical students. The mean age of the first and last year of medical students was 18.930.86 and 24.601.31 years, respectively. Moreover, 47 first-year and 66 last-year subjects were female. The mean score of CTD for the first- and last-year students were 69.82 ± 10.60 and 71.48 ± 11.86, respectively, lower than the average range. Based on the -test results, there was no significant difference between this group students (P = 0.310). The mean score of CTD and AGQ for all the study participants was 70.75 ± 11.12 and 28.22 ± 7.76, respectively; a significant correlation was observed between critical thinking disposition and achievement goal orientation (P = 0.001, r = 0.294). Conclusions The results of the current study indicated that the CTD score was lower than average range in the first- and last-year students; besides, lack of difference between first and last year students emphasized that educational processes should be propelled toward employment of approaches to promote and strengthen critical thinking disposition.
Ata Pourabbasi; Ahmad Khalegh Nejad Tabari; Shahram Yazdani; Farid Najafi; Farhad Frahani; Zahra Kheiry; Moslem Soofi; Bagher Larijani
Mohammad Reza Amiresmaili; Saeideh Negahdari; Zahra Khosravirad; Mahya Tohidi; Sajad Khosravi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, , Pages 337-348
Abstract
Background & Objective: The plan of integration of medical schools into the health system was adopted in 1985 and one of its consequences was the creation of the teaching hospital The aim of this study was to investigate the problems and challenges of managing teaching hospitals Methods: This qualitative ...
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Background & Objective: The plan of integration of medical schools into the health system was adopted in 1985 and one of its consequences was the creation of the teaching hospital The aim of this study was to investigate the problems and challenges of managing teaching hospitals Methods: This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted through interviews with 16 health experts about the integration of medical education and the problems of the management of teaching hospitals in 2014 In this study the data gathering tool was interviews In order to approve the credibility and confirmability of the text it was transcribed and the resulting analysis was distributed among the professors participating in this study and their corrective recommendations and comments were applied Data were analyzed through the analysis framework techniques Results: The findings of this study included 6 main codes and 20 subcodes regarding the problems of teaching hospitals The main codes included the weaknesses of the integration of education and health the strengths of the integration of education and health management problems of teaching hospitals weaknesses of the separation of education and health strengths of the separation of education and health and organizational communications Conclusion: Management of teaching hospitals compared with treatment hospitals is very difficult Many of the problems in hospitals are due to the lack of sufficient power of the director and the head of the hospital Thus these problems can be reduced by the delegation of authority to the hospital managers
Hakimeh Hazrati; Vahedeh Zaregavgani; Mortaza Ghojazadeh; Leila Vahedi
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September 2016, , Pages 246-254
Abstract
Background & Objective: The main prospect of medical education is improving the quality of health care provided by clinicians The quality and timing of services is related to medical education that can train researchers to solve the problems of the changing requirements of society Problembased learning ...
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Background & Objective: The main prospect of medical education is improving the quality of health care provided by clinicians The quality and timing of services is related to medical education that can train researchers to solve the problems of the changing requirements of society Problembased learning (PBL) as a studentcentered learning approach can provide the context for such medical education The aim of present study was to obtain appropriate information about the effective use of PBL in Iranian medical education from available studies through a systematic review Methods: In the present study 16 studies on the effect of PBL on learning satisfaction and efficacy of medical education were reviewed This systematic review was performed by searching the Google Scholar PubMed Magiran Iran Medex and SID databases using the keywords problembased learning medical education and Iran We included studies that were published from 2003 to 2015 in Iran The results of all studies were reviewed by two researchers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklists Results: From among the 130 selected articles 16 studies were included in the study The level of satisfaction with this type of training was reported as high The students performance was satisfactory with this educational method This method of training had a significant effect on the increasing of student learning particularly in the clinical and practical fields and strengthening of active learning selfdirection motivation and critical thinking Conclusion: According to the results of this study PBL can be used as an effective educational method for medical education in Iran
Farnaz Limouei; Hossein Limouei; Omid Ali Hoseinzadeh; Bahram Asl-Fattahi; Parviz Karimi-Sani; Kavous Shahsavarinia
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September 2016, , Pages 255-267
Abstract
Background & Objective: Anatomy is the basis of medical education and is conducted by the dissection of the cadaver The cadaver is a book which can provide great educational grounds for medical and paramedical students However cadaver shortage is one of the most important problems of medical schools ...
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Background & Objective: Anatomy is the basis of medical education and is conducted by the dissection of the cadaver The cadaver is a book which can provide great educational grounds for medical and paramedical students However cadaver shortage is one of the most important problems of medical schools in Iran; a subject that despite high levels of theoretical training of the anatomy has created problems for the practical training of this science Methods: In this study scientific references articles and reports have been analyzed to determine the role of cadaver donation and its obstacles and the effect of bequeathment in the elimination of these obstacles Results: Findings have shown that experiences gained through dissecting cadaver are better and more effective than knowledge obtained from books or models For more effective education cadavers are constantly required Cadaver shortage has been the topic of discussions and complaints of anatomy professors and medical students for consecutive years Providing cadavers or dissection is a complicated subject which requires cultural training The provision of unidentified cadavers by morgues can result in both remuneration for the deceased and steps towards the acquiring of knowledge Conclusion: The field of anatomy can only survive through cadaver donation Cadaver donation is an actual and effective way to support medical development and facilitate life of future generations Legal religious and cultural obstacles impede cadaver bequest The elimination of these obstacles is possible through the establishment of cadaver donation institutes cultural promotion and creation of motive and awareness in the society
Ali Rikhtegaran-Tehrani; Saeed Abbasi
Volume 13, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 151-159
Abstract
Background & Objective: Medical education complexity gets worsen when confronting with a lot of information to be memorized and needs to have new techniques for learning and remembering Mnemonic instruction is a way to help students to remember the information or vocabulary more effectively and easily ...
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Background & Objective: Medical education complexity gets worsen when confronting with a lot of information to be memorized and needs to have new techniques for learning and remembering Mnemonic instruction is a way to help students to remember the information or vocabulary more effectively and easily This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mnemonic instruction among interns in the management of patients with poisoning Methods: A quasiexperimental study performed during 24 months among 120 emergency medicine interns in Rasool Akram Hospital Tehran Iran We evaluated the knowledge of two groups of interns (n = 60) about management of patients with poisoning two times with a selfadministered questionnaire (Cronbachs alpha = 078) At baseline all the participants were filled the questionnaire as their baseline knowledge of poisoning management; then both groups participated in a standard education course for poisoning management In addition we conducted an additional physical class for case group and taught them about the mnemonics instruction in poisoning At the end of ward rotation all participants answered the same questionnaire and the scores were compared between the groups for each time and within the groups for each test Results: Mean scores were statistically different between the two times of testing in each group (P < 0001) In case group the difference between pre and posttest was (453 ± 395) statistically less than the control group (673 ± 326) (P < 0002) Conclusion: Using mnemonics was not effective enough to help interns to remember about management of poisonings better than usual educational activities
Saideh Garousi
Volume 12, Issue 5 , February 2016, , Pages 734-744
Abstract
Background & Objective: In recent years with regard to the role of effective and undeniable role of social and behavioral factors in the disease health and mortality many medical colleges in developed and developing countries hold social and behavioral sciences in training program of medical students ...
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Background & Objective: In recent years with regard to the role of effective and undeniable role of social and behavioral factors in the disease health and mortality many medical colleges in developed and developing countries hold social and behavioral sciences in training program of medical students In addition a doctor is at the direct interaction with the patients pants with different social cultural and economic conditions so some medical colleges aims to enhance and improve the interaction between the doctor and patients and it is related to social and behavioral sciences Social and behavioral sciences include a wide spectrum are relatively: sociology psychology medical anthropology demographics medical ethics the economy and health health policy and urban planning The aim of this study was determine the attitudes of physicians and social scientists about the need for social science education at medical school Methods: The information was collected by distributing a questionnaire among 126 persons Results: The results showed that in terms of both physicians and social science specialists social science education to medical students is necessary Both groups agreed on key areas and priority There was no significant difference between the two views Conclusion: The results of this research could contribute to the revision of the medical curriculum
Masoumeh Mangeli; Sakineh Sabzevari; Esmat Noohi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, , Pages 292-306
Abstract
Background & Objective: In recent decades there have been substantial changes in the design and delivery of medical education in congruence with the higher demand for improved professional competencies of medical graduates Taskbased learning is an integrated system and a multidisciplinary ...
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Background & Objective: In recent decades there have been substantial changes in the design and delivery of medical education in congruence with the higher demand for improved professional competencies of medical graduates Taskbased learning is an integrated system and a multidisciplinary teaching and learning approach In taskbased learning the focus of learning is a set of tasks addressed by a doctor in clinical practice In this method subjects are taught through the performance of tasks and understanding of concepts and mechanisms underlying the tasks The aim of this study was to review articles on taskbased learning in medical education Methods: Electronic databases and publishers such as ScienceDirect PubMed Scopus Google Scholar SID and Magiran were reviewed in 2014 All articles on taskbased learning in medical education without consideration of publication date were collected Studies which had the inclusion criteria (relevant to the field of medicine having objectives method sample size analysis a specific conclusion and availability of the full text) were selected In total 10 qualitative quantitative or mixed studies were selected for analysis Results: Although taskbased learning had been used in different levels and situations evidence suggested that in comparison to the traditional training method it has more efficiency and effectiveness Taskbased learning is an important tool in medical education with positive effects on faculty members students and patients Conclusion: This study has shown that taskbased learning is a powerful educational strategy and has been accepted as an appropriate tool in teaching and learning activities in most medical schools Therefore it is recommended for the promotion of knowledge skills and professional competency
Abbas Heydari; Mostafa Rad; Mohammad Reza Ghasemi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, , Pages 366-376
Abstract
Background & Objective: One of factors influencing students academic achievement is academic engagement The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive investigation on conceptual dimensions of academic engagement and the factors affecting it Methods: A comprehensive search of ...
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Background & Objective: One of factors influencing students academic achievement is academic engagement The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive investigation on conceptual dimensions of academic engagement and the factors affecting it Methods: A comprehensive search of literature published during 20012014 was performed using Persian and English databases including Magiran SID Scopus and PubMed As a result 190 texts were obtained After a close study 22 papers with the keywords of student engagement and academic engagement time were selected Selection criteria were the existence of any dimension of the concept of academic engagement and factors affecting it in the paper Results: After assessing 22 articles the dimensions of academic engagement concept and its influencing factors were made clear Academic engagement consists of the educational behavioral cognitive and psychological dimensions Factors which affect academic engagement are the education institutions characteristics teaching methods servicebased learning technology and various levels of academic engagement Conclusion: Through the recognition of dimensions of academic engagement and by applying factors that influence students academic engagement the wasting of their time and energy can be prevented and a valuable work force can be developed Since university engagement has been less studied in medical sciences in our country it is recommended that qualitative and quantitative research be performed in this field
Roghayeh Gandomkar; Batool Amini
Volume 12, Supplement , July 2015, , Pages 209-218
Abstract
Background & Objective: In recent years, with increasing awareness of limitations of traditional assessment methods in the measurement of learner capabilities, assessment methods have undergone many changes. This survey addresses the extent to which educational departments in Tehran University of ...
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Background & Objective: In recent years, with increasing awareness of limitations of traditional assessment methods in the measurement of learner capabilities, assessment methods have undergone many changes. This survey addresses the extent to which educational departments in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, use various student assessment methods.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted using a researcher developed tool to gather information about student assessment methods in 2012. Based on Miller’s pyramid of assessment, common student assessment methods were classified into written and oral assessment, clinical reasoning assessment, clinical skills assessment, and workplace-based assessment. Study sample consisted of all educational departments. Sampling was performed using the census method, which determined the use or lack of use of each method of assessment at different educational levels. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The response rate was 70.43%; 81 of 115 departments completed the questionnaire. The most frequently used methods by departments were written and oral exams. Among them, the multiple choice test was the most widely applied assessment method. Patient management problem (PMP) was the most broadly used method to assess clinical reasoning. Moreover, among clinical skills assessment, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was the most commonly applied method in medical clinical courses.
Conclusion: Graduates of medical universities must acquire capabilities far beyond the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, but assessment methods used by departments do not necessarily assess their capabilities. The results of this study emphasize the need for the revision of medical student assessment programs.
Hossein Karimi Moonaghi; Roza Montazeri
Volume 11, Issue 4 , February 2015, , Pages 420-433
Abstract
Background & Objective: For greater success of the discipline of medical education and recognition of its weaknesses and strengths performing a comparative study and utilizing the experiences of successful universities is necessary This study was performed to compare the elements of the curricula ...
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Background & Objective: For greater success of the discipline of medical education and recognition of its weaknesses and strengths performing a comparative study and utilizing the experiences of successful universities is necessary This study was performed to compare the elements of the curricula of medical education discipline in the universities of Dundee (Scotland) Calgary (Canada) and Maastricht (Holland) with Iran Methods: Data were gathered by searching university websites and communicating with them The 3 universities of Dundee Calgary and Maastricht which had a high ranking in the medical education major were selected as the study sample The research model used in this study was the Beredy model that specifies the four stages of description interpretation proximity and comparison in comparative studies Results: The universities of Dundee Calgary and Maastricht in stating the general characteristics of curriculum have clearly focused on education in the field of medical sciences Elements of mission vision and value were not observed in their curricula In the universities of Dundee and Maastricht educational strategies and the reason for their application and the manner of course presentation had been explained All 3 universities enrolled bachelor students The course of research in education was emphasized by all universities Conclusion: Based on this comparative study the curriculum of medical education in Iran seems complete and comprehensive However for quality improvement the revision of goals and strategies of the discipline is necessary Moreover the presentation of courses in two forms of virtual and traditional education admission of bachelor (BSc) students replacement of compensatory course with prerequisite courses and emphasizing of research method in education courses are recommended
Fariba Haghani; Maryam Ehsani; Soheila Jafari Mianaei
Volume 11, Issue 2 , August 2014, , Pages 272-279
Abstract
Background & Objective: Simulation is an educational technique which through providing whole or part of a clinical experience helps students to learn without being afraid of either their personal weaknesses or hurting the patient during interaction Manipulation of medical education is widely ...
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Background & Objective: Simulation is an educational technique which through providing whole or part of a clinical experience helps students to learn without being afraid of either their personal weaknesses or hurting the patient during interaction Manipulation of medical education is widely being spread all over the world and this can be due to various factors such as technological improvements ethical issues relating to practicing clinical skills crowdedness of clinical environments for educational purposes illness severity in most patients drop in the length of patients stay in the hospitals shortage of specialized staff in hospitals to facilitate educational process and so on Methods: The current study has reviewed existing books library references papers and essays available in different scientific databases using keywords of “simulation” “medical education” and “clinical skills” Results: Simulation offers several advantages including increase in patients safety reinforcement of interactive learning and studentcentered improvement in problemsolving abilities and critical thinking skills and selfpaced learning Despite all the abovementioned benefits the point is that due to the high costs of simulation equipment as well as improper cost management policies particularly in educational centers several studies should be run to analyze outcomes of manipulation of different simulators on students learning and then based on the efficiency of the simulators the proper ones be used for educational purposes in clinical environments
Abbas Heydari; Mostafa Rad
Volume 10, Issue 4 , February 2014, , Pages 459-466
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluation of methodological research reports increases the trust by the readers and users from application of results This paper aimed to verify the accuracy of methodology in medical education interventional articles published in approved domestic journals ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluation of methodological research reports increases the trust by the readers and users from application of results This paper aimed to verify the accuracy of methodology in medical education interventional articles published in approved domestic journals Methods: This crosssectional study was used with a broad literature review in medical education interventional articles published in approved domestic journals by a review of medical journals archives and search databases Thirty articles archived and its methodological accuracy was evaluated by special forms The reliability of the study was confirmed with internal consistency and its validity has been confirmed in previous studies Results: Over 90% of the suitability of the design was appropriate Inclusive and exclusive criteria of subjects were found only in 268% of the cases Blindness in 70% of the cases was observed The reliability and validity of the instrument were not found in 667% of the cases Fallow up length was not determined in 70% and informed consent was not obtained in 80% of the subjects Conclusion: There was inaccuracy in cases such as the instruments reliability and validity sample selection blindness groups matching etc Journal writers are recommended to pay more attention to accuracy of research methodology in publishing medical education interventional articles
Mostafa Shokohi; Ali Akbar Haghdost; Reza Majdzadeh; Forough Reiani
Volume 10, Issue 2 , August 2013, , Pages 175-183
Abstract
Background & Objective: Educational influentials (EIs) are individuals who can positively influence their peers These individuals play a key role in knowledge transfer and knowledge translation process Having knowledge of their characteristics is very important in detecting these people There is ...
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Background & Objective: Educational influentials (EIs) are individuals who can positively influence their peers These individuals play a key role in knowledge transfer and knowledge translation process Having knowledge of their characteristics is very important in detecting these people There is a paucity of information in the medical field especially in nursing regarding this context The aim of this study was to find the main features of an EI nurse in a local hospital setting Methods: This research was a qualitative study that was performed by a focus group discussion (FGD) method Sixteen nurses who worked in Afzalipour Hospital affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran were selected The main question was “when you face a clinical problem who do you consult with for the answer?” which meant “what kind of characteristics does this person have?” The content of the interview was recorded and analyzed by content analyses method after documentation and finally main themes and their subcategories were obtained Results : The main characteristics of EL nurses were classified as following: high knowledge communicative skills decisionmaking humanistic behaviors and clinical experience and skills Conclusion: Apart from clinical experience and skills the other characteristics identified for EI nurses were obtained in other studies The new feature that is explored in this study may indicate the fact that clinical skills and experiences have an important role among nurses
Morteza Karami; Somayeh Ebrahimi Kooshk Mahdi
Volume 10, Issue 2 , August 2013, , Pages 184-199
Abstract
Background & Objective: The aim of this article was to explore the use of new information and communication technology (ICT) in medical education in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences as a single case study Methods : The research method was descriptive The study population consisted of students ...
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Background & Objective: The aim of this article was to explore the use of new information and communication technology (ICT) in medical education in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences as a single case study Methods : The research method was descriptive The study population consisted of students and faculty member of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Iran Stratified sampling was used to investigate information technology in academic environments To investigate the ideal situation a random sampling method was applied Questionnaires observation survey and other methods were used to study ICT in higher education Results : There was a significant difference significantly higher than the mean between ICT use and the ideal condition in some cases and lower than the mean in others (P < 001) In some cases the difference was not significant which showed the moderate use of ICT The use of ICT is mainly in areas such as Word However its other possibilities like communication are not used Both groups had a positive attitude toward ICT and assessed their skills as moderate (P < 001) Conclusion : Results indicated a significant positive relationship between these three variables in both groups (P < 001) The ideal situation according to teachers and students included ICT training online library and improving infrastructure particularly internet speed They believed the main challenges to be their lack of skills educational policy and financial managerial cultural and infrastructural issues
Maryam Okhovati; Halimeh Sadeghi; Reza Shojaei
Volume 10, Issue 2 , August 2013, , Pages 200-210
Abstract
Background & Objective: Knowledge maps graphically draw a branch of science and help to describe it more precisely This research was conducted to study the scientific productivity and collaborative coefficient of medical education authors during 20022011 Methods: This descriptive study was done using ...
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Background & Objective: Knowledge maps graphically draw a branch of science and help to describe it more precisely This research was conducted to study the scientific productivity and collaborative coefficient of medical education authors during 20022011 Methods: This descriptive study was done using scientometric techniques The papers indexed in Web of Science were searched using medical education keywords The retrieved records were entered into Excel and HistCite Citation analysis techniques were used and the map was drawn Results: The rate of productivity was 28% 10123 retrieved records were published in 1506 journals and most were published in Medical Education Journal 5791 educational institutes contributed to publishing papers Van der Vleuten published more papers than other authors The collaborative coefficient was moderate 122 countries contributed to publishing these papers and USA was the most active country Finally 5 clusters were identified including learning methods in medical education job depression the effect of working hour reduction on health services evaluation of professional competency in medical education and the relationship between medical sciences and industry Conclusion: Medical education follows an ascending trend in scientific productivity The results of the current study can be used in future planning and help this field to improve
Ali Poor Amiri; Ghodsieh Khalili; Mostafa Shokoohi
Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 1-12
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluating students ability in diagnosing and treating patients after graduation has been recognized as a priority for medical education The aim of this study is to evaluate students ability after graduation from Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran in diagnosing and ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluating students ability in diagnosing and treating patients after graduation has been recognized as a priority for medical education The aim of this study is to evaluate students ability after graduation from Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran in diagnosing and treating orthopedic problems Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study carried out on 115 graduated general practitioners of 20012006 academic year In this study to evaluate the competency of general practitioners graduated from KUMS in musculoskeletal medicine participants were asked to complete a standard questionnaire with 36 questions in 9 domains Results: The total competency of the studied people was 65% The highest competency level was related to the domains of treatment of fractures and dislocation the initial treatment of open fractures and diagnosis of fracture and dislocation (80% 77% and 73% respectively) The lowest competency level was related to the domains of congenital deformity of feet musculoskeletal system tumors and congenital dislocation of the hip (47% 50% and 52% respectively) No difference was observed between men and women in the mentioned domains Conclusion: The results of our study revealed that in general the competency of graduated physicians was average Accordingly it is recommended that universities recognize weaknesses of graduated general practitioners according to a compiled program Moreover annual education programs can prevent more problems from occurring in the work setting and higher levels of education of these general practitioners
Bibi Eshrat i Zaman; Hasan Babri
Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 95-108
Abstract
Background & Objective: Medical education institutions have always been looking for training methods that have high efficiency and effectiveness Thus the present study has been carried out with the aim of identifying the application of blended learning based on the SWOT pattern in Isfahan University ...
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Background & Objective: Medical education institutions have always been looking for training methods that have high efficiency and effectiveness Thus the present study has been carried out with the aim of identifying the application of blended learning based on the SWOT pattern in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Methods: This was mixed methods and exploratory research The statistical population consisted of all the faculty members students and IT professionals For the samples 39 were selected from faculty members and 102 from students according to stratified random sampling for quantitative research and 10 from IT professionals according to purposive sampling to be interviewed The instruments for collecting data in the quantitative part were the researchermade questionnaire and in the qualitative part the deep semistructured interview Results: The results of the study showed that the areas of weakness and strength in the internal dimension and in the opportunities and threats in the external dimension were statistically significant The views in the area of strengths were similar however they had significant differences in other areas Moreover the advantages and opportunities have been more than disadvantages and threats of blended learning outlook Conclusion: Despite the weaknesses and threats of the blended learning method all participants in this study were optimistic of the prospects of this method in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Azam Meyari; Mahdi Beiglarkhani
Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 109-118
Abstract
Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the effect of presenting feedback on improvement of multiple choice questions (MCQ) design in annual residency exams Methods: In this semiexperimental study the structure and taxonomy in MCQs of annual residency exams in 2009 were analyzed ...
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Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the effect of presenting feedback on improvement of multiple choice questions (MCQ) design in annual residency exams Methods: In this semiexperimental study the structure and taxonomy in MCQs of annual residency exams in 2009 were analyzed through Millmans checklist Based on this data an interventional feedback on strengths and weaknesses was presented to question designers who had experience of attending MCQ workshops and designing questions in the past The principles of giving technical feedback in medical education such as objectivity right timing and being direct respectful and without judgment were considered After the annual residency exam in 2010 the questions of designers in both years were compared in respect to Millmans principals and taxonomy before and after the intervention Results: From 2500 questions 2035 questions were entered into the study 652% of the questions developed in 2009 had no structural flaw this increased to 828% after the intervention which was a significant difference (P < 0001) Moreover there was a significant increase in the percentage of questions with a high taxonomy from 38% in 2009 to 531% in 2010 (P < 0001) Conclusion: Giving interventional feedback based on its techniques in medical education to experienced designers of MCQs can affect the improvement of designing quality of questions
Mohammadreza Amiresmaili; Mahmood Nekoei Moghadam; Mahmood Moosazadeh; Elaheh Pahlavan
Volume 9, Issue 2 , January 2013, , Pages 118-131
Abstract
Background & Objective: According to some evidences medical graduates do not evaluate their skills and capabilities to perform professional responsibilities at an acceptable level In other words there is a disagreement among authorities and experts of medical education in this regard This study aimed ...
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Background & Objective: According to some evidences medical graduates do not evaluate their skills and capabilities to perform professional responsibilities at an acceptable level In other words there is a disagreement among authorities and experts of medical education in this regard This study aimed to survey the challenges of general physicianeducation system in Iran Methods: This applied study was carried out by qualitative method A purposeful sample of 23 informants participated in the study Semistructured interview was applied for data collection and Data were analyzed using framework method Results A total of 23 subthemes classified under 6 major themes were identified Major themes included strategies of general practice education structural issues incomprehensiveness of courses and curriculum educational fields educational problems and resources Conclusion: Due to several issues the effectiveness of general physicianeducation in Iran is faced with serious challenges Incompatibility of education with real needs of the community is one of the most important issues Therefore generalphysician education should move toward becoming more practical and empowering medical students to manage health centers should be taken into account in a systematic and efficient manner
Mahmood Nejabat; Mohammad Hashem Hashempur; Mojtaba Heydari; Mitra Amini
Volume 9, Issue 2 , January 2013, , Pages 191-197
Abstract
Background & Objective: Due to increasing rate of medical knowledge volume and depth introducing new tasks and roles for general practitioners and restriction of time and resources in medical education it is essential to follow educational priorities especially in teaching medical doctors The aim ...
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Background & Objective: Due to increasing rate of medical knowledge volume and depth introducing new tasks and roles for general practitioners and restriction of time and resources in medical education it is essential to follow educational priorities especially in teaching medical doctors The aim of this study was to determine the conformity of educational programs of ophthalmology department in Shiraz school of medicine Shiraz Iran with the required educational priorities in medical doctor (MD) curriculum Methods: In this research we focused on two aspects of theoretical education of ophthalmology theoretical classes and final examinations First the topic discussed in the class or asked in final examinations was determined and its priority was graded according to a grading scale of A to D used in comprehensive study of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Iran Then after calculating sum of priorities the rate of conformity with the expected priorities was determined using chisquare test Results : In both theoretical classes and final examinations significant difference was observed between educational materials and the expected educational priorities (P < 005) Conclusion: In some cases the priority “A” had been paid less attention and priorities “B” “C” and “D” had been paid more attention than the expected rates Since the priorities considered in this study were based on those in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences comprehensive study that is approved by faculty members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences revision of the educational priorities seems to be required
Mitra Amini; Mohammad Mahdi Sagheb; Javad Kojuri; Rita Rezaei; Mohammad Kazem Serajzadeh; Vahid Keshtkar; Korosh Azizi; Parisa Nabeiei
Volume 9, Issue 1 , July 2012, , Pages 46-57
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Each country needs strategies and longterm plans for achieving its objectives This issue is of a great importance in our country (Iran) as the hope of all world Moslem population Twenty year vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran along with comprehensive scientific map prepared ...
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Background & Objectives: Each country needs strategies and longterm plans for achieving its objectives This issue is of a great importance in our country (Iran) as the hope of all world Moslem population Twenty year vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran along with comprehensive scientific map prepared by experts in different scientific fields can help our country to achieve longterm objectives of the development The main aim of the present study was to determine sub activities of medical education fields in health scientific map from the viewpoints of experts in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2011 Methods: In this qualitative study performed as focus group discussion eight faculty members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected based on their professional experience in each of the domains of comprehensive scientific map in health sector The study was performed in ten sessions in which the required activities and subactivities in each domain were determined by participants Then data were summarized classified and prioritized for each domain Results : Based on the experts viewpoints the main sub activities in each domain were as follow: Educational equity: need assessment for human resources and curriculum review Faculties: revising organizational chart and improving faculties capabilities Implementing systematic evaluation: evaluation of students and professors based on standards Improvement of students scientific level: implementing a comprehensive encouraging system and socialbased education Developing interuniversity collaboration: university independence Extending knowledge and technology boundaries: implementing evidencebased medicine in the university Quantitative and qualitative improvement of staff: modifying organizational chart of Vice Chancellor for Education Implementing clinical governance system: establishing program designing committee based on the 6item clinical governance principles Financial: improving budget chart Conclusion: Continuous programming by University managers is required to set operational planning based on the above mentioned priorities
