Alireza Mirzaei; Sepideh Jamshidian; Fariba Haghani
Abstract
Background: High level of stress experienced by residents is one of the important factors of the reduction in their efficiency and the increase in their error rate and poor clinical performance.Objectives: The present study was conducted to review, identify and categorize the most important stressors ...
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Background: High level of stress experienced by residents is one of the important factors of the reduction in their efficiency and the increase in their error rate and poor clinical performance.Objectives: The present study was conducted to review, identify and categorize the most important stressors of residents.Methods: In this narrative review study, English articles were reviewed by electronic search of Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus and Google Scholar search engine over the last 10 years (2013-2022).Results: Based on the data, 89 stressors were extracted from 12 articles, and then divided into six categories of "stressors related to care and treatment, stressors related to interpersonal and intrapersonal communication, social stressors, stressors related to course management and planning, stressors related to teaching and learning and stressors related to residents' drive and desires".Conclusion: The identification and categorization of stressors in the present study made it possible that the planners and practitioners of residency courses can design and implement effective solutions to reduce the negative impacts of residents' stressors and, as a result, provide better conditions for their learning and training during the course.
Zohreh Sohrabi; Atefeh Zabihi Zazoly; Somayeh Alizadeh; Azam Norouzi; Ghobad Ramezani; Akram Zhianifard
Abstract
Background: Cultural competence is a core skill for the healthcare team that reputable medical organizations and associations have always emphasized. Its components are essential in reducing health inequalities, increasing patient satisfaction, and improving health outcomes.Objectives: Considering that ...
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Background: Cultural competence is a core skill for the healthcare team that reputable medical organizations and associations have always emphasized. Its components are essential in reducing health inequalities, increasing patient satisfaction, and improving health outcomes.Objectives: Considering that competency improvement will affect other skills and abilities, this study attempted to identify the effect of cultural competence training on the medical residents’ empathy.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 44 medical residents randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental). The participants were from various medical disciplines (internal medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, surgery, pathology, and anesthesia). Cultural Competence was taught to the experimental group in a workshop. Then they were sent short educational messages based on the elements of the cultural competence model of Campinha-Bacote for a month. Data were collected using Jefferson's empathy questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS16.Results: In this study, forty-four residents were randomly divided into two groups of 22 people. There was no significant difference between the scores of participants in the two groups before the cultural competency course (P>0.05). However, there was a substantial difference between the scores of the two groups after the intervention (P<0.05). The empathy score was higher in the intervention group.Conclusion: According to the current study, cultural competence training enhances learners’ empathy in clinical settings. It is recommended to be integrated into educational planning and new revisions of curriculums.
Sara Shafian; Soleiman Ahmadi; Parvin Rezaei-Gazki; Roghayeh Ershad Sarabi
Abstract
Background: Specialized and subspecialized medical education is of key importance in the higher education system due to the special role of residents in various fields in the educationalmedical system of universities and the important role of graduates of these fields as specialized and subspecialized ...
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Background: Specialized and subspecialized medical education is of key importance in the higher education system due to the special role of residents in various fields in the educationalmedical system of universities and the important role of graduates of these fields as specialized and subspecialized physicians in the community health system; therefore, the examination of their views on desirable education can lead to the improvement of the quality of education.Objectives: The present study aimed to explain the views of residents of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, on desirable education. Methods: This study was performed using qualitative content analysis. A total of 17 participants were selected by purposive sampling in the academic year of 2019-2020 from the educational hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences and interviewed in face-to-face and semistructured manners. After collecting the data, all the interviews were implemented and reviewed, and categories were extracted.Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of six main themes, including capable clinical professors, effective clinical environments, comprehensive planning, comprehensive and preventive educational rules and regulations, efforts to improve educational processes, and educational management.Conclusion: Health promotion is one of the needs of today’s society. Clinical education should be responsive to society, and the desirability of this education will lead to community health promotion. In this regard, it is suggested that education and health officials take an effective step toward improving residency course education by proper planning, performing continuous evaluations of the status of residency education, and considering the factors affecting the desirable clinical education.
Seyed Saeid Seyedian; Abdolhussein Shakurnia
Abstract
Background: Medical residents choose to pursue their careers based on multiple internal and external factors. These factors, in turn, affect not only their personal future but the overall status of the health care system in every region.Objectives: To determine the factors affecting radiology residents' ...
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Background: Medical residents choose to pursue their careers based on multiple internal and external factors. These factors, in turn, affect not only their personal future but the overall status of the health care system in every region.Objectives: To determine the factors affecting radiology residents' choice of specialty career choice.Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population was all radiology residents (N=48) of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences studying during the academic year 2018-2019. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.71). Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests (Mann-Whitney U test) by SPSS version 18.Results: The mean age of participants was 30.7±2.6 years. The most important factors influencing the choice of radiology specialty were: “Acquiring knowledge and competency for better treatment” (mean 4.18 out of 5), “convenience and lack of emergency” (3.90), and “good career future" (3.88), respectively; While “family and friends' advice” (3.18) and “possibility of continuing education and fellowship” (3.07) were the least important factors. “Higher-income” was significantly more important in the specialty choice among male residents (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study provided valuable information on the factors influencing the choice of radiology specialty. Understanding specific factors that influence decisions to enter the specialty of radiology may provide proper guidance for human resources planners to consider the needs of the community’s health system.
Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh Abbasi; Ali Hosseininasab; Tahereh Alinaghi; Fatemeh Karami Robati
Abstract
Background Dissertations or theses are valuable sources of information, which play an important role in scientific development because of their specific nature and characteristics. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the status of medical students and residents' dissertations in terms ...
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Background Dissertations or theses are valuable sources of information, which play an important role in scientific development because of their specific nature and characteristics. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the status of medical students and residents' dissertations in terms of contribution to scientific development in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methods This cross-sectional, analytical study examined the status of medical students and residents' dissertations, submitted to the Medical Faculty of Kerman University of Medical Sciences during 2012 - 2015. First, the research deputy of Kerman University of Medical Sciences provided the dissertation information. Then, the information was analyzed in terms of study design, study type, extraction of Persian and English articles, publication in domestic and international journals, and indexing in reputable scientific databases in two groups of medical students and residents' dissertations. SPSS was used for all statistical analyses. Results In total, 643 dissertations were studied, including 342 (53%) residents and 301 (47%) medical students' thesis. Overall, 267 (41.5%) dissertations were published as articles in domestic and international journals. The findings showed that 13.4% of articles were indexed in the Scopus database. The mean scores of medical students and residents' dissertations were 19.22 ± 0.70 and 19.15 ± 0.85, respectively. Conclusions Despite the large number of medical students and residents' dissertations submitted to Kerman University of Medical Sciences, a limited number of dissertations were published as scientific and research papers, and the number of articles indexed in international journals was insignificant. Thesis writing is generally a unique opportunity for students to learn research skills and methods. In addition, publication of thesis findings in domestic and international databases can lead to scientific development.
Farangis Shoghi Shafagh Aria; Parvin Samadi; Shahram Yazdani
Abstract
Background The development of professionalism is one of the fundamental goals of educational systems, especially in medical sciences. Medical students, in addition to acquiring clinical knowledge and skills, should somehow benefit from moral values and professionalism in order to practice in a professional ...
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Background The development of professionalism is one of the fundamental goals of educational systems, especially in medical sciences. Medical students, in addition to acquiring clinical knowledge and skills, should somehow benefit from moral values and professionalism in order to practice in a professional manner. The development of professional ethics is heavily influenced by the hidden curriculum affected by changes in the educational system. The health reform plan is launched in Iran in recent years. Objectives The current study aimed at qualitatively explaining the effects of changes to the educational system on the development of the professionalism in medical residents. Methods The current qualitative study was performed by the content analysis method. A total of 26 interviews were conducted with 12 prominent professors of medical education, 13 third-year internal medicine residents, as well as a focus group including 10 residents. The purposive sampling method with maximum diversity was used in the current study and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to increase the credibility of the findings. Results The most important finding of the current study was the challenge of developing professionalism due to environmental changes. The main theme included the challenges of professionalism development in the existing educational system, changes related to the sociocultural environment of the community, changes related to health reform plan, and the shift from training to health services and promtion of faculty member. Conclusions Changes and interventions in the health care services sector, such as the health reform plan, greatly affect the development of professionalism in medical residents. The plans that affect the health system, a special attention should be paid to the education section and the educational documents should be prepared initially and implemented simultaneously.
Saeed Esmailian
Ali Reza Mogheli; Zohreh Esmaeilzadeh; Javad Kojuri
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, , Pages 422-431
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluation of the clinical training environment should be considered as an integral component of an optimal learning environment Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational environment of residents at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Iran based ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluation of the clinical training environment should be considered as an integral component of an optimal learning environment Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational environment of residents at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Iran based on DRECT (Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test) questionnaire toward educational group accreditation in 20142015 Methods: This mixedmethod study was conducted in two phases The statistical population consisted of all residents in the field of internal medicine (n = 50) The first phase of the present study was performed quantitatively and using DRECT questionnaire The second phase of the study was performed a qualitatively through semistructured interviews with the target group The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved using the views of 5 educational experts and Cronbachs alpha (α = 090) respectively The collected data were analyzed using Pearson coefficient and independent ttest in SPSS software Results: The results of this study demonstrated a meaningful correlation between the fields of professors role formal education guiding and evaluation and decision making for patients treatment The highest correlation was related to the two fields of formal education and decision making for patients treatment (P = 0001) and the least correlation was related to professors role and formal education (P = 0009) In qualitative analysis the strengthens of the group were regular attendance of classes morning reports and planning The weaknesses included revising the educational environment high load of clinical work high number of shifts little amount of time for theoretical studying and lack of attention to specialty skills Conclusion: According to the results the head of educational groups should move toward improving the quality of education in terms of residents cooperation and team work
Mahla Salajegheh; Bahareh Bahmanbijari; Mostafa Shokouhi; Askar Safipour Afshar; Amin Beigzadeh
Volume 12, Supplement , July 2015, , Pages 119-130
Abstract
Background and Objective: Outpatient educational environments are used for the teaching of a broad range of medical disciplines. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to assess these environments with valid and reliable tools. The Ambulatory Care Learning Education Environment Measure (ACLEEM) can be ...
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Background and Objective: Outpatient educational environments are used for the teaching of a broad range of medical disciplines. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to assess these environments with valid and reliable tools. The Ambulatory Care Learning Education Environment Measure (ACLEEM) can be used for this purpose. The objective of this study was to assess the educational environment at outpatient clinics in teaching hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study which was cross-sectional in nature was conducted in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2013-14. The study population, based on census sampling, consisted of 70 residents specializing in internal, gynecological, pediatric, and surgical disciplines. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire consisting of 2 sections, demographic questions and 50 questions in 8 domains. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive tests (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical tests (ANOVA and t-test).Results: The total score of the questionnaire was 62.90 which showed the partially desirable status of the outpatient educational environment in the studied population. In terms of the total scores for each domain, the domains of clinical teacher competence (14.91 ± 2.99), clinical activity and patient care (12.85 ± 2.78), and time allocation for nonclinical activities (8.94 ± 2.93) obtained the highest scores, respectively. There was no significant relationship between sex, age, and educational year and mean score of each domain (P > 0.05). However, this relationship was significant for the field of study variable (P < 0.05). The highest mean score was related to gynecology residents (65.68 ± 5.7) and the lowest mean score was related to surgery residents (60.60 ± 5.9).Conclusion: The findings showed that the resident's perspective of the outpatient environment is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is expected that the related authorities provide a favorable and conducive environment for teaching and learning through planning.
Seyed Mostafa Seyedaskari; Mohammad Ali Shafa; Farhad Iranmanesh; Amin Beigzadeh; Mahboobeh Mohammad Pour Ravari
Volume 12, Supplement , July 2015, , Pages 159-167
Abstract
Background & Objective: Quality assessment of educational services is one of the most important actions in line with an improvement in the services. If the qualitative dimension of services is not taken into account, we will observe significant academic failure and reduction in creativity among the ...
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Background & Objective: Quality assessment of educational services is one of the most important actions in line with an improvement in the services. If the qualitative dimension of services is not taken into account, we will observe significant academic failure and reduction in creativity among the learners. Therefore, one of the salient steps in improving the quality of educational services is quality assessment from the viewpoints of its users. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality of educational services from the viewpoints of residents based on the SERVQUAL model.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 204 residents from the educational hospitals of Kerman, Iran, participated. The participants were selected using simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was the Evaluation of Educational Quality Questionnaire that evaluates educational quality based on the SERVQUAL gap analysis method. This tool compares respondents’ perceptions and expectations of the quality of educational services in 5 domains (reliability, responsibility, confidence, assurance, empathy, and tangible physical). Content validity of this questionnaire was approved by experts' opinions and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (r = 0.88). To analyze data, SPSS software was used for performing descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and analytical (independent t-test) tests. Results: The findings showed that there was a negative gap between residents' perceptions and expectations of the quality of educational services in all 5 dimensions. The highest and lowest level of gap was related to the tangible physical (-1.50) dimension and the responsibility (-0.51) dimension, respectively.
Conclusion: There is a negative gap between residents' perceptions and expectations in different dimensions of educational services quality based on the SERVQUAL model. In order to improve the quality of education, a review of educational infrastructures (environment and facilities) and education management seems necessary. This requires the efforts of relevant authorities toward the development and improvement of these infrastructures.
Roya Vatankhah; Sakineh Sabzevari; Mohammadreza Baneshi
Volume 12, Supplement , July 2015, , Pages 281-287
Abstract
Background & Objective: Clinical environments have a crucial role on medical students' training. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess clinical environments based on the (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure) ...
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Background & Objective: Clinical environments have a crucial role on medical students' training. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess clinical environments based on the (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure) DREEM model from the viewpoint of interns and residents in hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2012.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. The data collection tool was the DREEM Questionnaire with 50 questions (5-point Likert scale) in the 5 domains of learning, teachers, educational environment, student's academic self-perceptions, and student's social self-perceptions. The study environment consisted of 4 main wards (internal, surgical, pediatrics, and gynecology) of hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The study subjects consisted of 63 interns and 73 residents. Data was analyzed in SPSS software using Students' t-test and ANOVA.
Results: Mean score of perception of educational environment in interns was 161.17 ± 22.30 and in residents was 157.45 ± 21.14. The comparison of different areas of clinical environment evaluation only showed a significant difference between the two groups in the area of student's social self-perceptions (P < 0.05). The interns' score was higher than that of the residents. No significant differences were observed between hospitals and the studied wards.
Conclusion: The students' perceptions of their educational environment in clinical wards were desirable. Despite different literature's recommendation of using DREEM in order to evaluate weaknesses and strengths of clinical environments, the concurrent use of other methods and instruments for the assessment of the efficacy of this questionnaire is recommended.
Esmat Nouhi; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Mehdi Zareiyan; Zohreh Rahaei
Volume 11, Issue 3 , November 2014, , Pages 292-298
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evidencebased medicine (EBM) is a systematic review process for evaluating and using results of the best clinical trials for diagnosis and treatment of diseases It must comply with the values and specific circumstances of each patient in need of treatment Since very ...
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Background & Objective: Evidencebased medicine (EBM) is a systematic review process for evaluating and using results of the best clinical trials for diagnosis and treatment of diseases It must comply with the values and specific circumstances of each patient in need of treatment Since very few studies have examined the competence of different groups of medical professionals in this area this study was conducted to assess the competence of residents in EBM Methods: This descriptive crosssectional study was conducted on 90 residents from 4 main clinical departments in Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2013 The data collection tool was the Berlin Standard Questionnaire The samples were selected using census method and data were analyzed using SPSS software Results: Among the participants in the study 422% were male and 578% female with the mean age of 3117 ± 332 years Based on the results of the study residents had little competence in the field of evidencebased medicine their scores ranged from 0 to 8 and their mean score was 254 ± 143 of a total of 15 Conclusion: Considering the mean score and low competence of residents in evidencebased medicine shortterm programs by the relevant departments seem essential to rapidly promote knowledge of evidencebased medicine
Nozar Nakhaee; Ali Reza Saeed
Volume 7, Issue 2 , January 2011, , Pages 99-103
Abstract
Background & Objective : The 360degree evaluation method is used to assess residents performance by means other than attends opinions Resident evaluation instruments such as questionnaires for 360degree assessment should be feasible reliable and valid The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility ...
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Background & Objective : The 360degree evaluation method is used to assess residents performance by means other than attends opinions Resident evaluation instruments such as questionnaires for 360degree assessment should be feasible reliable and valid The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and psychometric properties of the 360degree assessment questionnaires Methods : At first questionnaires were developed based on an extensive literature review and expert panel Sixitem questionnaires were distributed to a consecutive sample of residents (self & peers) medical students nurses and patients Mean scores of respondents in each category were calculated Cronbachs alpha was computed to examine the internal consistency Factor analysis was used to clarify the factoral structure of the data Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to examine the correlation between the evaluators scores Results : Except for faculty members and to some extent patients all evaluators completed the questionnaires The cronbachs alpha for all of the five instruments were above 095 Content validity was acceptable according to the literature reviews and expert panel Factor analysis revealed all six items loaded on a single factor A majority (80%) of correlation coefficients were not significant for evaluators scores Conclusion : Based on this pilot study 360degree assessment tools are feasible reliable and valid measures to evaluate core competencies of residents