Strides in Development of Medical Education

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

2 PhD in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Modeling in Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

3 PhD in Epidemiology, Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Health Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 MSc in Nursing, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Background & Objective: Educational influentials (EIs) are individuals who can positively influence their peers These individuals play a key role in knowledge transfer and knowledge translation process Having knowledge of their characteristics is very important in detecting these people There is a paucity of information in the medical field especially in nursing regarding this context The aim of this study was to find the main features of an EI nurse in a local hospital setting Methods: This research was a qualitative study that was performed by a focus group discussion (FGD) method Sixteen nurses who worked in Afzalipour Hospital affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran were selected The main question was “when you face a clinical problem who do you consult with for the answer?” which meant “what kind of characteristics does this person have?” The content of the interview was recorded and analyzed by content analyses method after documentation and finally main themes and their subcategories were obtained Results : The main characteristics of EL nurses were classified as following: high knowledge communicative skills decisionmaking humanistic behaviors and clinical experience and skills Conclusion: Apart from clinical experience and skills the other characteristics identified for EI nurses were obtained in other studies The new feature that is explored in this study may indicate the fact that clinical skills and experiences have an important role among nurses

Keywords

  1. 1.Landry R, Amara N, Pablos-Mendes A, et al. The Knowledge-Value chain: a conceptual framework for Knowledge translation in health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2006; 84(8):597-602.

    1. Estabrooks C, Wallin L. Where do we stand on the measurement of research utilization? Peper prepared for 4th Annual knowledge utilization Colloquia (KU04), Belfast, North Ireland 2004.
    2. Santesso N, Tugwell P. Knowledge Translation in Developing Countries. Journal of Continuing Education Health Professions 2006; 26(1):87-96.
    3. Doumit G, Gattellari M, Grimshaw J, et al. Local opinion leaders: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; (1).
    4. Lomas J, Enkin M, Anderson G, et al. Opinion leaders vs. audit and feedback to implement practice guidelines: delivery after previous cesarean section. The Journal of the American Medical Association 1991; 265(17):2202–7.
    5. Valente T, Pumpuang P. Identifying opinion leaders to promote behavior change. Health Education & Behavior. 2007;34(6):881-96.
    6. Telch MJ, Miller LM, Killen JD et al. Social influences approach to smoking prevention: the effects of videotape delivery with and without same-age peer leader participation. Addictive Behaviors 1990; 15(1): 21–8.
    7. Tardy RW, Hall CL. Bonding and cracking: The role of informal interpersonal networks in health care decision making. Health Communications 1988; 10(2):151-73.
    8. Grimshaw JM, Eccles MP, Walker AE, et al. Changing physician's behavior: what work and thoughts on getting more things to work. Journal of Continuing Education Health Professions 2002;22(4):237-43.
    9. Geertsma RH, Parker RC, Whitbourne SK. How physicians view the process of change in their practice behavior. J Medical Education 1982;57(10):752-61.
    10. Starkey F, Audrey S, Holliday J, et al. Identifying influential young people to undertake effective peer-led health promotion: the example of A Stop Smoking In Schools Trial (ASSIST). Health Education Research 2009; 24(6): 977–88.
    11. Rogers EM. Diffusion of Innovations. 5 ed. New York: Free Press; 2003.
    12. Lippet R, Watson J, Westley B. The Dynamic of Planned Change. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., New York. 1958.
    13. Wenrick J, Mann F, Morris W, et al. Informal educators for practicing physicians. Journal of Medical Education 1971;46(4):299-305.
    14. Greer AL. The state of the art versus the state of the science. The diffusion of new medical technologies into practice. International Journal of Technology Assessment Health Care 1988;4(1):5-26
    15. Hiss R, Stross J, Davis W, Macdonald R. Development and evaluation of a communitybased pulmonary education system. Annual Conference on Research in Medical Education 1979; 18:264-9.
    16. Rohrbach LA. Intermedia processes in the adoption of tobacco control activities among opinion leaders in California. Communication Theory 2006;16(1):91-117.
    17. Kannouse DH, Kallich JD, Kahan JP. Dissemination of effectiveness and outcomes research. Health Policy 1995; 34(3):167-92.
    18. Shokoohi M, Nedjat S, Golestan B, et al. Can Criteria for Identifying Educational Influentials in Developed Countries be Applied to Other Countries? A Study in Iran. Journal of Continuing Education in Professions 2011; 31(2):95-102. the Health
    19. Holmboe ES, Bradley EH, Mattera JA, et al. Characteristics of physician leaders working to improve the quality of care in acute myocardial infarction. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 2003; 29(6):289-96.
    20. Schuster DV, Valente TW, Skara SN, et al. Intermedia processes in the adoption of tobacco control activities among opinion leaders in California. Communication Theory 2006; 16(1):91-117.
    21. Grzybowski S, Lirenman D, White MI. Identifying educational influentials for formal and informal continuing medical education in the province of British Columbia. Journal of Continuing Education Health Professions 2000;20(2):85-90.
    22. Thomson O'Brien MA, Oxman AD, Haynes RB, et al. Local opinion leaders: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochran Database of Systematic Reviews 2000;(2).
    23. CHSRF. Canadian Institutes of Health Research: The Theory and Practice of Knowledge Brokering in Canada; Health System. 2013. Available From: http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/193.html