Strides in Development of Medical Education

A

  • Academic Departments Policy-Making in Determining the Mission of Medical Sciences Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Competitive Advantage and Scientific Strength [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-10]

  • Academic Enthusiasm The Relationship between Psychological Hardiness and Academic Enthusiasm and Vitality in Students of Arak University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

  • Academic Motivation Comparison of Academic Motivation, Academic Self-efficacy, and Optimism Among First- and Fifth-year Professional Doctorate Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Academic Self-efficacy Comparison of Academic Motivation, Academic Self-efficacy, and Optimism Among First- and Fifth-year Professional Doctorate Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Academic success The Effect of Virtual Education with a Problem-Based Approach Using Virtual-Small Groups on Academic Achievement and Participatory Learning in Midwifery Students of Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Academic Vitality The Relationship between Psychological Hardiness and Academic Enthusiasm and Vitality in Students of Arak University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

  • Achievement motivation The Relationship Between Self-Regulated Learning Components and Achievement Motivation in Students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Active and Collaborative Learning The Effect of Virtual Education with a Problem-Based Approach Using Virtual-Small Groups on Academic Achievement and Participatory Learning in Midwifery Students of Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Agenda The Challenges of Assessing Medical Educational Policies in Iran: A Systematic Review [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • Archive The Need to Set up an Online Archive System to Store Educational Materials and Information Related to COVID -19 Pandemic [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Art Art in Teaching Professional Behaviors and Values to Medical Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Assessment Medical Students’ Satisfaction with a Web-based Training Module of Clinical Reasoning [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Attitude Radiology as the Most Popular Specialty among Iranian Medical Residents: What are the Influencing Factors in Choosing this Specialty? [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

B

  • Belonging The Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Emphasis on Communication Skills on Midwifery Students' Sense of Belonging in Clinical Settings [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

C

  • Canada A Comparison of the Psychiatric Nursing Master`s Curriculum in Iran and Canada [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Challenge The Challenges of Assessing Medical Educational Policies in Iran: A Systematic Review [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • Clinical The Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Emphasis on Communication Skills on Midwifery Students' Sense of Belonging in Clinical Settings [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Clinical education Strategies for Clinical Medical Education in Iran: A Systematic Review [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-9]

  • Clinical rounds Teaching in Clinical Rounds When Driven by the COVID-19 Pandemic [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Communication skills Comparing the Effect of Role-playing and Lecturing on Learning the Communication Skills Among Health Workers of Kerman Health Centers, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Comparative study A Comparison of the Psychiatric Nursing Master`s Curriculum in Iran and Canada [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Competitive Advantage Policy-Making in Determining the Mission of Medical Sciences Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Competitive Advantage and Scientific Strength [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-10]

  • Coronavirus Comparison of Analytic Indices of In-person vs. Online Exams in an Iranian Medical University in the Academic Year 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Coronavirus Policy-Making in Determining the Mission of Medical Sciences Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Competitive Advantage and Scientific Strength [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-10]

  • Coronavirus Pandemic Leading Higher Education in Iran during COVID - 19 Pandemic: Reporting the Policies and Progresses [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-4]

  • COVID 19 Student: A Neglected Element in Facing the Challenges of Medical Education during the COVID-19 Era [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • COVID-19 The Shadow of COVID-19 on Medical Education at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • COVID-19 Teaching in Clinical Rounds When Driven by the COVID-19 Pandemic [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • COVID-19 Managerial Analysis and Explaining the Viewpoints of the Students on Virtual Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Virtual School of Medical Education and Management of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • COVID-19 Online Education Strategies Used in Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran during the COVID-19 Outbreak [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • COVID-19 Policy-Making in Determining the Mission of Medical Sciences Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Competitive Advantage and Scientific Strength [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-10]

  • COVID 19 pandemic The Need to Set up an Online Archive System to Store Educational Materials and Information Related to COVID -19 Pandemic [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Crisis The Shadow of COVID-19 on Medical Education at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Curriculum A Comparison of the Psychiatric Nursing Master`s Curriculum in Iran and Canada [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Curriculum Construction of a New Professional Identity in Medical Education: A Trend to the Future in Iran due to a Basic Reform in Education and Expectations [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

D

  • Dental school The Use of Different Study Skills by Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students of Kerman Dental School [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Distance Education Medical Students’ Satisfaction with a Web-based Training Module of Clinical Reasoning [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Distance Education Managerial Analysis and Explaining the Viewpoints of the Students on Virtual Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Virtual School of Medical Education and Management of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • Distance Education Online Education Strategies Used in Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran during the COVID-19 Outbreak [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-5]

E

  • Education The Relationship of Satisfaction and Usage of Virtual Learning Facilities with Learning Style in Medical, Health, and Operating Room Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Educational Communication Student: A Neglected Element in Facing the Challenges of Medical Education during the COVID-19 Era [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Effective Factors Developing a Model for Empowerment of Faculty Members in Islamic Azad University: A Qualitative Study [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • E-Learning The Relationship of Satisfaction and Usage of Virtual Learning Facilities with Learning Style in Medical, Health, and Operating Room Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Electronic Learning A Survey of Graduate and Postgraduate Students’ Perspective on the Use of E-learning Technology in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017 [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Electronic Learning COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational Disruption in Africa [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Empowerment Developing a Model for Empowerment of Faculty Members in Islamic Azad University: A Qualitative Study [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-8]

F

  • Faculty Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Short-Term research Skills Training Course for Clinical Faculty Members: A New Experience at Kerman University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Faculty members Developing a Model for Empowerment of Faculty Members in Islamic Azad University: A Qualitative Study [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • Faculty members Assessing the Viewpoint of the Faculty Members and Graduates of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Toward Interprofessional Education and Interprofessional Teamwork [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

  • Flipped classroom New Option of Virtual Education in Corona Days: Flipped Classroom [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

G

  • Graduates Assessing the Viewpoint of the Faculty Members and Graduates of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Toward Interprofessional Education and Interprofessional Teamwork [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

  • Graduate students Time Management and Metacognitive Strategies in Graduate Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

H

  • Health Worker Comparing the Effect of Role-playing and Lecturing on Learning the Communication Skills Among Health Workers of Kerman Health Centers, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Hospitals Patients' and Physicians' Viewpoints on Interns' Professional Outfit: A Survey in an Iranian Teaching Hospital [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

I

  • Innovation Construction of a New Professional Identity in Medical Education: A Trend to the Future in Iran due to a Basic Reform in Education and Expectations [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Interprofessional Education Assessing the Viewpoint of the Faculty Members and Graduates of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Toward Interprofessional Education and Interprofessional Teamwork [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

  • Interprofessional Teamwork Assessing the Viewpoint of the Faculty Members and Graduates of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Toward Interprofessional Education and Interprofessional Teamwork [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

  • Iran Strategies for Clinical Medical Education in Iran: A Systematic Review [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-9]

  • Iran Leading Higher Education in Iran during COVID - 19 Pandemic: Reporting the Policies and Progresses [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-4]

  • Iran A Comparison of the Psychiatric Nursing Master`s Curriculum in Iran and Canada [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

K

L

  • Learning Comparing the Effect of Role-playing and Lecturing on Learning the Communication Skills Among Health Workers of Kerman Health Centers, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Learning The Relationship of Satisfaction and Usage of Virtual Learning Facilities with Learning Style in Medical, Health, and Operating Room Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Learning Teaching in Clinical Rounds When Driven by the COVID-19 Pandemic [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Learning Assessing the Reflection in Learning Ability of Nursing Students: Psychometric Properties of Reflection in Learning Scale [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Lecturing Comparing the Effect of Role-playing and Lecturing on Learning the Communication Skills Among Health Workers of Kerman Health Centers, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Logic Medical Students’ Satisfaction with a Web-based Training Module of Clinical Reasoning [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

M

  • Master A Comparison of the Psychiatric Nursing Master`s Curriculum in Iran and Canada [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Medical Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Short-Term research Skills Training Course for Clinical Faculty Members: A New Experience at Kerman University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Medical professionalism Construction of a New Professional Identity in Medical Education: A Trend to the Future in Iran due to a Basic Reform in Education and Expectations [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Medical students Student: A Neglected Element in Facing the Challenges of Medical Education during the COVID-19 Era [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Medical students Comparison of Academic Motivation, Academic Self-efficacy, and Optimism Among First- and Fifth-year Professional Doctorate Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Medical students The Relationship Between Self-Regulated Learning Components and Achievement Motivation in Students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Medicine Art in Teaching Professional Behaviors and Values to Medical Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Medicine Radiology as the Most Popular Specialty among Iranian Medical Residents: What are the Influencing Factors in Choosing this Specialty? [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Mental health nursing A Comparison of the Psychiatric Nursing Master`s Curriculum in Iran and Canada [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Metacognitive Strategies Time Management and Metacognitive Strategies in Graduate Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Midwifery The Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Emphasis on Communication Skills on Midwifery Students' Sense of Belonging in Clinical Settings [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Mission Differentiation Policy-Making in Determining the Mission of Medical Sciences Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Competitive Advantage and Scientific Strength [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-10]

O

  • Online education A Survey of Graduate and Postgraduate Students’ Perspective on the Use of E-learning Technology in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017 [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Online education COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational Disruption in Africa [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Online education Comparison of Analytic Indices of In-person vs. Online Exams in an Iranian Medical University in the Academic Year 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Online Educations Student: A Neglected Element in Facing the Challenges of Medical Education during the COVID-19 Era [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Online system The Need to Set up an Online Archive System to Store Educational Materials and Information Related to COVID -19 Pandemic [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Optimism Comparison of Academic Motivation, Academic Self-efficacy, and Optimism Among First- and Fifth-year Professional Doctorate Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

P

  • Peer learning Peer Teaching: A New Step to Improve Education, Learning and Student Satisfaction [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Peer Teaching Peer Teaching: A New Step to Improve Education, Learning and Student Satisfaction [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Personal Satisfaction The Relationship of Satisfaction and Usage of Virtual Learning Facilities with Learning Style in Medical, Health, and Operating Room Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Perspective A Survey of Graduate and Postgraduate Students’ Perspective on the Use of E-learning Technology in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017 [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Perspective COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational Disruption in Africa [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Perspective Assessing the Viewpoint of the Faculty Members and Graduates of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Toward Interprofessional Education and Interprofessional Teamwork [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

  • Policy The Challenges of Assessing Medical Educational Policies in Iran: A Systematic Review [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • Problem-based Education The Effect of Virtual Education with a Problem-Based Approach Using Virtual-Small Groups on Academic Achievement and Participatory Learning in Midwifery Students of Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Profession Patients' and Physicians' Viewpoints on Interns' Professional Outfit: A Survey in an Iranian Teaching Hospital [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

  • Professional competence Construction of a New Professional Identity in Medical Education: A Trend to the Future in Iran due to a Basic Reform in Education and Expectations [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Professionalism Art in Teaching Professional Behaviors and Values to Medical Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Psychological Hardiness The Relationship between Psychological Hardiness and Academic Enthusiasm and Vitality in Students of Arak University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-7]

R

  • Radiology Radiology as the Most Popular Specialty among Iranian Medical Residents: What are the Influencing Factors in Choosing this Specialty? [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Reflection Ability Assessing the Reflection in Learning Ability of Nursing Students: Psychometric Properties of Reflection in Learning Scale [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Reliability Assessing the Reflection in Learning Ability of Nursing Students: Psychometric Properties of Reflection in Learning Scale [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Research skills Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Short-Term research Skills Training Course for Clinical Faculty Members: A New Experience at Kerman University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Residents Radiology as the Most Popular Specialty among Iranian Medical Residents: What are the Influencing Factors in Choosing this Specialty? [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Role-Playing Comparing the Effect of Role-playing and Lecturing on Learning the Communication Skills Among Health Workers of Kerman Health Centers, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

S

  • Satisfaction Peer Teaching: A New Step to Improve Education, Learning and Student Satisfaction [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Scientific Strength Policy-Making in Determining the Mission of Medical Sciences Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Competitive Advantage and Scientific Strength [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-10]

  • Self-Regulated Learning The Relationship Between Self-Regulated Learning Components and Achievement Motivation in Students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Specialty Selection Radiology as the Most Popular Specialty among Iranian Medical Residents: What are the Influencing Factors in Choosing this Specialty? [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Strategies Strategies for Clinical Medical Education in Iran: A Systematic Review [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-9]

  • Student Managerial Analysis and Explaining the Viewpoints of the Students on Virtual Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Virtual School of Medical Education and Management of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • Student evaluation Comparison of Analytic Indices of In-person vs. Online Exams in an Iranian Medical University in the Academic Year 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Students A Survey of Graduate and Postgraduate Students’ Perspective on the Use of E-learning Technology in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017 [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Students The Relationship of Satisfaction and Usage of Virtual Learning Facilities with Learning Style in Medical, Health, and Operating Room Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Students The Use of Different Study Skills by Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students of Kerman Dental School [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Students COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational Disruption in Africa [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Students Construction of a New Professional Identity in Medical Education: A Trend to the Future in Iran due to a Basic Reform in Education and Expectations [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Students The Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Emphasis on Communication Skills on Midwifery Students' Sense of Belonging in Clinical Settings [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

  • Study skills The Use of Different Study Skills by Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students of Kerman Dental School [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Study strategies The Use of Different Study Skills by Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students of Kerman Dental School [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Systematic review Strategies for Clinical Medical Education in Iran: A Systematic Review [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-9]

T

  • Teaching Teaching in Clinical Rounds When Driven by the COVID-19 Pandemic [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Teaching Hospital Online Education Strategies Used in Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran during the COVID-19 Outbreak [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Time Management Time Management and Metacognitive Strategies in Graduate Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • TOWS Analysis Managerial Analysis and Explaining the Viewpoints of the Students on Virtual Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Virtual School of Medical Education and Management of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • Traditional education New Option of Virtual Education in Corona Days: Flipped Classroom [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Training Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Short-Term research Skills Training Course for Clinical Faculty Members: A New Experience at Kerman University of Medical Sciences [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-6]

V

  • Validity Assessing the Reflection in Learning Ability of Nursing Students: Psychometric Properties of Reflection in Learning Scale [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Values Art in Teaching Professional Behaviors and Values to Medical Students [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Virtual education Managerial Analysis and Explaining the Viewpoints of the Students on Virtual Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Virtual School of Medical Education and Management of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2020 [Volume 17, Supplement, 2020, Pages 1-8]

  • Virtual education New Option of Virtual Education in Corona Days: Flipped Classroom [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]

  • Virtual education The Effect of Virtual Education with a Problem-Based Approach Using Virtual-Small Groups on Academic Achievement and Participatory Learning in Midwifery Students of Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-5]

  • Virtual Flipped Classroom New Option of Virtual Education in Corona Days: Flipped Classroom [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-2]