Sama Abaei; Haleh Vaez; Saeideh Ghaffarifar; Neda Kabiri; Robab Mehdipour; Dourna Omranifar
Abstract
Background: Pharmacology is one of the crucial subjects of medical courses because drugs are the basis of disease treatment. A basic drug description is needed to optimize benefits and reduce side effects. Therefore, proper education for medical students is necessary.Objectives: This scoping review aims ...
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Background: Pharmacology is one of the crucial subjects of medical courses because drugs are the basis of disease treatment. A basic drug description is needed to optimize benefits and reduce side effects. Therefore, proper education for medical students is necessary.Objectives: This scoping review aims to investigate the methods, ideas, and recommendations for educating undergraduate medical students in pharmacology.Methods: To achieve the purpose of the study, related studies in English and Persian were reviewed within 2010 to 2022. A comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases to conduct this review. Two independent reviewers evaluated the retrieved publications and extracted the data using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s standardized tools. Primary study findings were read and reread to identify teaching methods used in the studies for undergraduate medical students. The extracted findings were categorized based on their similarity.Results: A total of 56 studies were included in this scoping review. More than 70% of articles have been performed in India. The results were presented according to the teaching methods used in educating: team-based learning, computer-assisted learning, the autobiography of medicines, role-play, integrated education, case-based learning, problem-based learning, student-led objective tutorials, e-learning module, museum, pre-lecture, concept mapping, crossword puzzles, game, flipped classroom, and mixed methods.Conclusion: This review provided a new vision about the methods of pharmacology education that have been used worldwide. The information obtained can be used to revise traditional teaching methods of pharmacology in medical schools.
Masoumeh Rahimi; Majid Shirani
Abstract
Background The operating room is considered a learning platform for technical and non-technical skill training. Training in operating rooms helps learners from different groups, especially surgery residents, acquire the necessary clinical competence. Nevertheless, operating room training is only effective ...
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Background The operating room is considered a learning platform for technical and non-technical skill training. Training in operating rooms helps learners from different groups, especially surgery residents, acquire the necessary clinical competence. Nevertheless, operating room training is only effective if it is accompanied by efficient and applicable teaching methods. Objectives The current study aimed at reviewing the strategies and methods to enhance teaching and learning of residents in operating room settings. Methods The current review study was conducted based on library studies and review of the literature. PubMed, SID, and MagIran databases, as well as Google Scholar search engine, were searched using relevant phrases and keywords. A total of 60 articles were retrieved, out of which 22 articles were identified as consistent with the study objectives. Results The data obtained from the literature review were categorized into three sections: “General structure of training in the operating room”, “strategies and methods to strengthen teaching and learning in the operating room”, and “structured training models in the operating room”. Finally, application of these strategies in clinical teaching was summarized in three stages: Before operation, during operation, and after operation. Conclusions The operating room is a clinical facility with specific characteristics, which can challenge teaching in this setting. However, application of effective strategies and methods, as well as efficiently structured training based on the proposed models can facilitate teaching and learning enhancement in operating rooms.
Zahra Rashki-Ghalehnoo; Dariush Saadati; Omid Tadjrobehkar
Volume 12, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 545-549
Abstract
Background & Objective: There are different views toward the efficacy of different methods of practical training Each method has advantages and disadvantages in terms of its effect on learning cost speed and simplicity This study was performed with the aim to compare the effect of practical microbiology ...
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Background & Objective: There are different views toward the efficacy of different methods of practical training Each method has advantages and disadvantages in terms of its effect on learning cost speed and simplicity This study was performed with the aim to compare the effect of practical microbiology course through traditional and continuous methods of training on practical skills learning academic achievements and satisfaction among pharmacy students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This experimental study was performed on 79 2nd semester pharmacy students The participants were randomly allocated to two groups with equal mean IQ score using Raven IQ test The traditional and continuous methods of training were randomly applied to the two groups Mean final exam scores of the two groups based on station exam final reports and written tests were calculated and compared using Students ttest We also assessed the satisfaction of students with regard to the training methods using a relevant questionnaire Results: Mean scores of the station (468) and written (843) exams obtained using continuous method were significantly higher than that using the traditional method (417 and 751 respectively) Moreover students were more satisfied with the continuous method than the traditional method Conclusion: The continuous method of training had greater impact on learning of practical skills than the traditional method Thus the application of this method in other medical universities in order to provide a suitable setting for further learning is recommended
Hossein Karimi Monaghi; Mostafa Rad; Mahmoud Bakhshi
Volume 10, Issue 2 , August 2013, , Pages 271-280
Abstract
Background & Objective: Introduction of modern methods of teaching has created challenges in education especially in medical education Each of these methods has an application several advantages and disadvantages and a position The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of teaching methods ...
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Background & Objective: Introduction of modern methods of teaching has created challenges in education especially in medical education Each of these methods has an application several advantages and disadvantages and a position The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of teaching methods in medical education Methods: This was a systematic review SID Magiran IranMedex IRANDOC SCOPUS Web of Science and published Iranian magazines were searched by two people manually with the keywords teaching learning and medical sciences They searched and selected articles by applying the quality criteria and research methodology 32 interventional studies (experimental and semiexperimental) were selected Sensitivity analysis was performed in respect to sample size study design and the impact of the intervention Synthesis of articles quality and sensitivity analysis were performed Results: Increased learning satisfaction interactions between learners data retention increase collaboration receive feedback and ideas via group discussion and themes such as professional communication skills discover solutions scientific knowledge increase learning and student satisfaction popularity and acceptance skills meditation and reflection on the problem considering various solutions and choosing the best solution a positive vision of their increase rising inner motivation creating interest in learning enjoyment of learning developing critical thinking study skills higher satisfaction improving teaching quality durability and increased efficiency in learning resulted from problem solving techniques metacognition packages and concept mapping Conclusion: The new methods of teaching that consist of problem solving techniques group discussion concept mapping and metacognition packages increase learning student satisfaction student participation and the durability of learning
Fariba Farhadian; Mina Tootoonchi; Tahereh Changiz; Fariba Haghani; Shahram Oveis Gharan
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2009, , Pages 143-147
Abstract
Background & Objective : Identifying faculty members educational needs and level of their skills in teaching affairs would improve planning for faculty members development and sublimity This study was performed to assess attitude of faculty members who are teaching practical courses towards their ...
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Background & Objective : Identifying faculty members educational needs and level of their skills in teaching affairs would improve planning for faculty members development and sublimity This study was performed to assess attitude of faculty members who are teaching practical courses towards their educational needs and level of skills in teaching methods of practical courses Methods : In this descriptive study 83 faculty members teaching practical courses in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling and completed a reliable and valid questionnaire consisted of 14 items about educational needs and skill level of teaching methods in practical courses Results : The mean (±SD) score of faculty members skill level was 271(±04) out of four Faculty members skill level was low (mean score less than 25) in analysis and interpretation of the test questions (389%) evaluation methods of practical skills (535%) designing performance tests (528%) and making educational films (479%) Mean (±SD) total score of educational needs was 345(±089) out of five According to these results faculty members were in need of all 14 aforementioned items Educational needs included critical thinking motivating methods and information resources in order of priority Conclusion : Faculty members expressed need for education and improving their skills in teaching practical courses Considering mentioned educational needs and skills it seems that teaching method and student assessment workshops need to be revised and the content of the workshops should be designed according to faculty members educational needs together with implementing different educational methods
Zohreh Khazaie; Thayebeh Khazaie; Meisam Babaie
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2009, , Pages 148-151
Abstract
Background & Objective : Identifying faculty members educational needs and level of their skills in teaching affairs would improve planning for faculty members development and sublimity This study was performed to assess attitude of faculty members who are teaching practical courses towards their ...
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Background & Objective : Identifying faculty members educational needs and level of their skills in teaching affairs would improve planning for faculty members development and sublimity This study was performed to assess attitude of faculty members who are teaching practical courses towards their educational needs and level of skills in teaching methods of practical courses Methods : In this descriptive study 83 faculty members teaching practical courses in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling and completed a reliable and valid questionnaire consisted of 14 items about educational needs and skill level of teaching methods in practical courses Results : The mean (±SD) score of faculty members skill level was 271(±04) out of four Faculty members skill level was low (mean score less than 25) in analysis and interpretation of the test questions (389%) evaluation methods of practical skills (535%) designing performance tests (528%) and making educational films (479%) Mean (±SD) total score of educational needs was 345(±089) out of five According to these results faculty members were in need of all 14 aforementioned items Educational needs included critical thinking motivating methods and information resources in order of priority Conclusion : Faculty members expressed need for education and improving their skills in teaching practical courses Considering mentioned educational needs and skills it seems that teaching method and student assessment workshops need to be revised and the content of the workshops should be designed according to faculty members educational needs together with implementing different educational methods
Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi Hazavehei; Yadollah Fathei; Mehri Shamshirei
Volume 3, Issue 1 , July 2006, , Pages 33-42
Abstract
Background: One of the priorities of research in education is study about the causes of students failure during their academic work Objective: To investigate the causes of students academic failure and probation Methods: In this casecontrol study 761 volunteer students in Hamadan University of Medical ...
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Background: One of the priorities of research in education is study about the causes of students failure during their academic work Objective: To investigate the causes of students academic failure and probation Methods: In this casecontrol study 761 volunteer students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences during fall and spring semesters of 20012002 were participated Students were divided into two groups Case group consisted of 43 students who had academic failure leading to their probation and control group consisted of 718 students who were successful in their study program Data collection was done by a questionnaire designed based on eight main factors in learning process including: method of teaching evaluation educational materials planning for the semester courses personal characteristics environmental problems academic environment and accessibility of academic advisors The questionnaire was used after reliability and validity evaluation Results: The percentage of academic probation was higher in boys (94%) compared to girls (43%) Among eight factors affecting learning process there was a significant difference (P= 0014) between the two groups in their mean score of opinions about the method of teaching (356 ± 116 in the case group vs 359± 098 in the control group) There was also significant difference between the two groups in regard to mean score of the personal characteristics (436 ± 126 in case group vs 476 ±108 in control group P= 0023) The obtained mean scores for method of teaching and personal characteristics of the students was significantly higher according to the students who had a score below 10 for at least 1 course Mean scores of method of teaching and environmental & educational problems were significantly higher according to the students who had a score between 1012 in at least one course (P
