Strides in Development of Medical Education

Document Type : Original Article

Author

MSc of Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background & Objective: Focus group discussions are a way to solve problems in nursing A great extent of information on the specific issues and problems of nursing can be obtained through the activity of members in this method The aim of this study was to review studies conducted using this method as a problem solving method in nursing Methods: This study was a descriptive review on the objectives processes and applications of focus group discussion regarding problem solving in nursing The databases of Iranmedex Magiran SID Scopus ScienceDirect Elsevier Google Scholar and PubMed were searched using the keyword of focus group group interviews nursing and focus group discussion for publication in the years 19982015 Results: A focus group is a semistructured group session which is moderated by a group leader and held in an informal setting to collect information about a designated topic A focus group discussion is an interview with emphasis on interaction between the participants and the data generated is very difficult to achieve through individual interviews or participant observation The main components of a focus group include a skilled moderator appropriately selected participants appropriate place and time and correct implementation of the process Tape recording and verbatim transcription along with field notes are the usual methods of documenting data in focus groups Conclusion: Focus group discussion consists of a series of carefully planned discussions designed to obtain perceptions on a defined area of interest in a permissive nonthreatening environment Costeffectiveness flexibility and stimulating are some of the features of focus group discussions which can generate very useful information

Keywords

  1. Seyedfatemi N, Moshirabadi Z, Borimnejad L, Haghani H. Relationship between problem solving and assertiveness skills among nursing students. Hayat. 2013;19(3): 1-12. [In Persian]
  2. Shahbazi S, Heidari M. The impact of training by social problem-solving model of D-Zurilla & Gold Fried on problem-solving skills of nursing students. Iran J Nursing. 2012;25(76): 1-9.
  3. Roberts J. Problem-solving skills of senior student nurses: an exploratory study using simulation. Int J Nurs Stud. 2000;37(2):135-43.
  4. Potter PA,  Perry  AG.  Basic  Nursing:  Theory  And Practice.  Michigan  USA:  Mosby  Incorporated; 1991.
  5. Aein  F,  Nourian  K.  Problem–based  learning:  a new  experience  in  education  of  pediatric  nursing course  to  nursing  students.  J  Shahrekord  Uuniv Med  Sci.  2006;8(2):16-20.  [In  Persian]
  6. Iglesias Reyes  MJ.  CLIL:  Enhance  Of Communicative  Skills  And  Students'  Satisfaction. Res  Project.  [cited  2013  Feb  8].  Available  from: http://digibuo.uniovi.es/dspace/bitstream/10651/1 3078/1/MASTER-ESSAY.pdf.
  7. Wong  LP.  Focus  Group  Discussion:  A  Tool  For Health  And  Medical  Research.  Singapore  Med  J. 2008;49(3):256-60.
  8. Speziale  HS,  Streubert  HJ,  Carpenter  DR. Qualitative  Research  in  nursing:  advancing  the humanistic  imperative.  4th  ed.  Philadelphia: Lippincott  Williams  &  Wilkins;  2007.
  9. Halcomb  E,  Gholizadeh  L,  Digiacomo  M,  Phillips J,  Davidson  P.  Considerations  in  undertaking focus  group  research  with  culturally  and linguistically  diverse  groups  in  bibliographies  and literature  reviews.  J  Clinical  Nursing.  2007;  16 (6):  1000  –  11.
  10. Altun  I.  The  perceived  problem  solving  ability and  values  of  student  nurses  and  midwives.  Nurse Educ  Today.  2003;23(8):575-84.
  11. Monaban  F,  Sands  G,  Neighbors  M,  Merek  G. Phipps  Medical-Surgical  Nursing.  Philadelphia: Elsevier  Mosby;  2007.
  12. Shahbazi  S,  Heydari  M,  Shaykhi  R.  The  effect  of problem  solving  course  on  student&  #039  s  stress intolerance  J  Shahrekord  Uuniv  Med  Sci. 2011;13(2):32-7.  [In  Persian]
  13. Pazargadi  M,  Zagheri  Tafreshi  M,  Abed  Saeedi  Z. Nurses'  perspectives  on  quality  of  nursing  care:  a qualitative  study.  Res  Med.  2007;31(2):  155-8. [In  Persian]
  14. Holloway  I,  Wheeler  S.  Qualitative  research  in nursing  and  healthcare.  3rd  ed.  Oxford:  John Wiley  &  Sons;  2013.
  15. Patton  MQ.  Qualitative  evaluation  and  research methods.  London:  SAGE  Pub;  1990.
  16. Hashemi  F,  Nikbakht  NA,  Asghari  F.  Nurses perceived  worries  from  error  disclosure:  a qualitative  study.  Iran  J  Nursing  Res.  2011;  6(20): 30-43.  [In  Persian]
  17. Gibbs  A.  Focus  Groups:  Social  Research  Update. Guildford  U  K:  Department  of  Sociology University  of  Surrey;1997.
  18. Nagle  B,  Williams  N.  Methodology  brief: Introduction  to  focus  groups.  [cited  2013  Jun  1]. Available from: http://www.uncfsp.org/projects/userfiles/file/focu sgroupbrief.pdf.
  19. Powell RA,  Single  HM.  Focus  groups.  Int  J  Qual Health  Care.  1996;8(5):499-504.
  20. Mclafferty I.  Focus  group  interviews  as  a  data collecting  strategy.  J  Adv  Nurs.  2004;48(2):18794.
  21. Millar  B,  Maggs  C,  Warner  V,  Whale  Z.  Creating consensus  about  nursing  outcomes.  I.  An exploration  of  focus  group  methodology.  J  Clin Nurs.  1996;5(3):193-7.
  22. Francisca  Caron‐Flinterman  J,  Broerse  JE, Teerling  J,  Bunders  JF.  Patients'  priorities concerning  health  research:  the  case  of  asthma and  COPD  research  in  the  Netherlands.  Health Expect.  2005;8(3):253-63.
  23. Mackey  S,  Tan  KK,  Ignacio  J,  Palham  S,  Dawood RBM,  Liaw  SY.  The  learning  experiences  of senior  student  nurses  who  take  on  the  role  of standardised  patient:  A  focus  group  study.  Nurse Educ  Pract.  2014;14(6):692-7.
  24. Gillett K,  O'Neill  B,  Bloomfield  JG.  Factors influencing  the  development  of  end-of-life communication  skills:  a  focus  group  study  of nursing  and  medical  students.  Nurse  Educ  Today. 2016;36:395-400.
  25. Carlson  E,  Rämgård  M,  Bolmsjö  I,  Bengtsson  M. Registered nurses’ perceptions of their professional  work  in  nursing  homes  and  homebased  care:  a  focus  group  study.  Int  J  Nurs  Stud. 2014;51(5):761-7.
  26. Lehto  RH.  Patient  views  on  smoking,  lung  cancer, and  stigma:  a  focus  group  perspective.  Eur  J Oncol  Nurs.  2014;18(3):316-22.
  27. Jervaeus A,  Nilsson  J,  Eriksson  LE,  Lampic  C, Widmark  C,  Wettergren  L.  Exploring  childhood cancer  survivors'  views  about  sex  and  sexual experiences-findings  from  online  focus  group discussions.  Eur  J  Oncol  Nurs.  2016;20:165-72.
  28. Boger  EJ,  Demain  SH,  Latter  SM.  Stroke  selfmanagement:  a  focus  group  study  to  identify  the factors  influencing  self-management  following stroke.  Int  J  Nurs  Stud.  2015;52(1):175-87.
  29. Boon H,  Brown  JB,  Gavin  A,  Stewart  M.  Breast cancer survivors’ complementary/alternative perceptions of medicine  (CAM): making  the  decision  to  use  or  not  to  use.  Qual Health  Res.  1999;9(5):639-53.
  30. Kim  KM,  Oh H.  Clinical  experiences  as  related  to standard  precautions  compliance  among  nursing students:  a  focus  group  interview  based  on  the theory  of  planned  behavior.  Asian  Nurs  Res. 2015;9(2):109-14.
  31. Shokohi M,  Haghdost  AA,  Majdzadeh  R,  Reiani F.  Identifying  the  characteristics  of  educational influential  nurses:  a  qualitative  study.  Strides  Dev Med  Educ.  2013;  10(2):  175-83.  [In  Persian]
  32. Mirmohammadi J,  Araban  M,  Resaee  M. Determining  the  competency  dimensions  of supervisor  professor  from  the  nursing  students’ viewpoints:  a  qualitative  study.  Iran  J  Med  Educ. 2011;11(4):332-46.  [In  Persian]
  33. Ravanipour  M,  Bahreini  M,  Vahedparast  H. Facilitators  and  barriers  in  application  of  peer learning  in  clinical  education  according  to  nursing students.  Iran  J  Med  Educ.  2012;11(6):569-79.  [In Persian]
  34. Freitas  H,  Oliveira  M,  Jenkins  M,  Popjoy  O.  The Focus  Group,  A  Qualitative  Research  Method. Maryland:  ISRC,  Merrick  School  of  Business, University  of  Baltimore;  1998:1-22.
  35. Traynor M,  Nissen  N,  Lincoln  C,  Buus  N. Occupational closure in nursing work reconsidered:  uk  health  care  support  workers  and assistant  practitioners:  a  focus  group  study.  Soc Sci  Med.  2015;136:81-8.
  36. Johannessen B,  Garvik  G.  Experiences  with  the use  of  complementary  and  alternative  medicine  in nursing  homes:  a  focus  group  study.  Complement Ther  Clin  Pract.  2015;  23:136-40.
  37. Yazdanpanah S,  Dianat  M.  A  survey  on  workrelated  stressors  in  nursing  and  methods  of  their reduction  a  focus  group  discussion.  Iran  South Med  J.  2004;  6(2):  172-8.  [In  Persian]
  38. Khosravi S.  Focus  group,  a  data  gathering method.  Iran  J  Nursing.  2011;23(68):19-30.
  39. Cannon  S,  Boswell  C.  Evidence-based  teaching  in nursing.  United  States:  Jones  &  Bartlett  Pub; 2014.
  40. Burns  HK,  O'Donnell  J,  Artman  J.  High-fidelity simulation  in  teaching  problem  solving  to  1st-year nursing  students:  a  novel  use  of  the  nursing process. Clinical 2010;6(3):e87-e95. Simulation  in  Nursing.
  41. Burns  N,  Grove  SK.  Understanding  Nursing Research,  Building  an  Evidence-Based  Practice. 4th  ed.  St.  Louis:  Mosby-Elsevier;  2006.P.37980.
  42. Golaghaie  F,  Bastani  F,  Farahani  MA. Establishment  of  sustainable  patient  health education  in  clinical  care:  an  action  research study. J Kermanshah  Univ  Med  Sci. 2013;17(2):121-30.  [In  Persian]
  43. Fitzgerald M,  Mcmillan  M,  Maguire  JM.  Nursing from  the  casual  pool:  focus  group  study  to  explore the  experiences  of  casual  nurses.  Int  J  Nurs  Pract. 2007;13(4):229-36.
  44. Cunningham  G,  Slevin  E.  Community  psychiatric nursing:  focus  on  effectiveness.  J  Psychiatr  Ment Health  Nurs.  2005;12(1):14-22.
  45. Hsu  MY,  Kernohan  G.  Dimensions  of  hospital nurses’  quality  of  working  life.  J  Adv  Nurs. 2006;54(1):120-31.
  46. Polit-O'Hara  D,  Beck  CT.  Essentials  of  nursing research:  methods,  appraisal,  and  utilization. California  USA:  Lippincott  Williams  &  Wilkins; 2006.
  47. Izadi  A,  Torabi  M,  Hasani  P.  Pathology  of" clinical  education"  from  perspective  of  nursing students:  a  qualitative  content  analysis.  J  Nursing Midwifery  Urmia  Univ  Med  Sci.  2015;13(1):918.  [In  Persian] 48.  Ravanipour  M,  Bahreini  M,  Ravanipour  M. Exploring  nursing  students’  experience  of  peer learning  in  clinical  practice.  J  Educ  Health Promot.  2015;4(1):  46.