Amir Mohammad Salehi; Mohammad Ahmadian; Hossein Ali Mohammadi; Elham Khanlarzadeh
Abstract
In recent decades, human knowledge has rapidly progressed, especially in the evolution of new biomedical sciences and techniques, transforming all aspects of social life dramatically. In the new technology era in modern society, novel disciplines, not only theoretically but also from an empirical and ...
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In recent decades, human knowledge has rapidly progressed, especially in the evolution of new biomedical sciences and techniques, transforming all aspects of social life dramatically. In the new technology era in modern society, novel disciplines, not only theoretically but also from an empirical and practical points of view, have profoundly transformed bureaucratic policies. nternationally, there is an agreement that the certification obtained at the end of university training no longer indicates sustained quality and the fact that graduates do not have enough skills to perform their professional roles and tasks in the real world.
Amir Mohammad Salehi; Hossein Ali Mohammadi; Mohammad Ahmadian; Elham Khanlarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Higher education is not uniform. There are significant differences between higher education systems among different countries and even among institutions in a similar education or system; therefore, identifying the various types of entrepreneurial activities helps the mission of fourth-generation ...
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Background: Higher education is not uniform. There are significant differences between higher education systems among different countries and even among institutions in a similar education or system; therefore, identifying the various types of entrepreneurial activities helps the mission of fourth-generation universities.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce the most important educational strategies to move towards fourth-generation universities.Methods: We systematically searched the international databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, SID, and Google Scholar, until 2021 using some relevant keywords. Then, screening and selecting eligible articles according to inclusion criteria were done by two researchers independently.Results: Soft skills training, sustainable development training, training business law, reviewing the continuous training of professors, promoting ideation and creativity to solve problems, development of interdisciplinary training, decentralization of government accelerators and deployment of private accelerators, privatization of higher education, and internationalization are the most important educational strategies to move towards fourth-generation universities. One of the critical aspects and perspectives of the fourth-generation university is the development of job skills, professions, and competencies and empowerment of students and professors in line with the process of national development and solving society's problems scientifically.Conclusion: This research's analytical results help the universities design and implement their strategies to reach the fourth-generation universities according to the standard implementation models of the fourth-generation universities.
Seyedeh Azam Sajadi; Jamileh Mokhtari Nouri; Nahid Rajai
Abstract
Background: The quality assurance of doctoral nursing education programs is one of the priorities of educational systems, with significant effects on the development and improvement of educational programs. Therefore, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these programs through comparison ...
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Background: The quality assurance of doctoral nursing education programs is one of the priorities of educational systems, with significant effects on the development and improvement of educational programs. Therefore, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these programs through comparison can be useful.Objectives: This study aimed to compare the doctoral nursing education programs in Iran and Japan.Methods: In this descriptive and comparative study, which was based on the model proposed by Beredy, the Iranian doctoral program in nursing education was compared with that of Japan in four stages of description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison.Results: The doctoral nursing education program in Japan was older than its Iranian counterpart, based on historical records. The challenges of nursing education in Iran included the student admission system, inflexibility of the program, and emphasis on theoretical education. The strict rules regarding article publication in International Scientific Indexing (ISI) journals and the higher number of credits in the Iranian program, compared to its Japanese counterpart, were among the strengths of Iran’s program, increasing the level of students’ knowledge and preparation for research activities.Conclusion: Comparison of the educational systems of Iran and Japan indicated the need for a more flexible and community-based curriculum in Iran.
Monireh Parvaneh; Kiomars Niaz Azari; Taraneh Enayati
Abstract
Background: One way to make change in the field of education is through future studies. Considering the role of future studies in building a better future for the country’s medical education and health system, the establishment of the required bases in medical education is necessary.Objectives: ...
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Background: One way to make change in the field of education is through future studies. Considering the role of future studies in building a better future for the country’s medical education and health system, the establishment of the required bases in medical education is necessary.Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the dimensions and components of future studies in the educational system of a university of medical sciences.Methods: In this grounded-theory study, the statistical population included expert and knowledgeable faculty members with an experience of delivering services as directors, principals, and deputies of the faculties of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran. In-depth and exploratory individual interviews were held through a questionnaire containing six standard items within October and December 2018.The interview process was completed based on the data saturation law, and the required conclusion was drawn with 10 samples.Results: A questionnaire with 50 components in three main dimensions, including infrastructure (25 components), management and faculty members (9 components), and outputs (16 components), was designed. Moreover, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed.Conclusion: It is time to build necessary capacities for future studies in the universities of medical sciences and provide the possibility for extensive participation and support of researchers and faculty members in future studies programs in the field of medical education and health research in Iran. The dimensions and components obtained from this study can be helpful in this regard.
Daryosh Gholipour Mofrad Dashtaki; Aeen Mohammadi; Mitra Zolfaghari; Sakineh Imani; Shahram Tahmasebian
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, several studies have been performed on the factors affecting the effectiveness of virtual education. One of the characteristics of learners is their different learning styles.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between learning style and the ...
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Background: Nowadays, several studies have been performed on the factors affecting the effectiveness of virtual education. One of the characteristics of learners is their different learning styles.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between learning style and the level of satisfaction and usage of e-learning facilities in medical students.Methods: This cross-sectional and retrospective (ex post facto) study was performed among medical, public health, and operating room students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2017. We redesigned their courses to be delivered in the blended method, so that teachers used a Learning Management System (LMS) in addition to traditional teaching. Information about learning styles was collected using Kolb’s questionnaire, satisfaction level evaluated with a researcher made questionnaire and use of e-learning was examined by checking system loggings. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc, Welch’s ANOVA and X2 tests in SPSS software.Results: Students’ satisfaction with e-content in diverging learning style was higher (P = 0.032), but there was no significant relationship between learning style and demographic characteristics and total average mark. Also, there was no significant difference in the amount of using e-learning facilities between different learning style groups (P = 0.256).Conclusion: It seems that using virtual learning facilities and considering the type of learning style in students can increase their satisfaction.
Farangis Shoghi Shafagh Aria; Parvin Samadi; Shahram Yazdani
Abstract
Background The development of professionalism is one of the fundamental goals of educational systems, especially in medical sciences. Medical students, in addition to acquiring clinical knowledge and skills, should somehow benefit from moral values and professionalism in order to practice in a professional ...
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Background The development of professionalism is one of the fundamental goals of educational systems, especially in medical sciences. Medical students, in addition to acquiring clinical knowledge and skills, should somehow benefit from moral values and professionalism in order to practice in a professional manner. The development of professional ethics is heavily influenced by the hidden curriculum affected by changes in the educational system. The health reform plan is launched in Iran in recent years. Objectives The current study aimed at qualitatively explaining the effects of changes to the educational system on the development of the professionalism in medical residents. Methods The current qualitative study was performed by the content analysis method. A total of 26 interviews were conducted with 12 prominent professors of medical education, 13 third-year internal medicine residents, as well as a focus group including 10 residents. The purposive sampling method with maximum diversity was used in the current study and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to increase the credibility of the findings. Results The most important finding of the current study was the challenge of developing professionalism due to environmental changes. The main theme included the challenges of professionalism development in the existing educational system, changes related to the sociocultural environment of the community, changes related to health reform plan, and the shift from training to health services and promtion of faculty member. Conclusions Changes and interventions in the health care services sector, such as the health reform plan, greatly affect the development of professionalism in medical residents. The plans that affect the health system, a special attention should be paid to the education section and the educational documents should be prepared initially and implemented simultaneously.
Reza Malekpour Afshar; Somayeh Noori Hekmat; Reza Dehnavieh; Monire Balochi
Masoumeh Rahimi; Majid Shirani
Abstract
Background The operating room is considered a learning platform for technical and non-technical skill training. Training in operating rooms helps learners from different groups, especially surgery residents, acquire the necessary clinical competence. Nevertheless, operating room training is only effective ...
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Background The operating room is considered a learning platform for technical and non-technical skill training. Training in operating rooms helps learners from different groups, especially surgery residents, acquire the necessary clinical competence. Nevertheless, operating room training is only effective if it is accompanied by efficient and applicable teaching methods. Objectives The current study aimed at reviewing the strategies and methods to enhance teaching and learning of residents in operating room settings. Methods The current review study was conducted based on library studies and review of the literature. PubMed, SID, and MagIran databases, as well as Google Scholar search engine, were searched using relevant phrases and keywords. A total of 60 articles were retrieved, out of which 22 articles were identified as consistent with the study objectives. Results The data obtained from the literature review were categorized into three sections: “General structure of training in the operating room”, “strategies and methods to strengthen teaching and learning in the operating room”, and “structured training models in the operating room”. Finally, application of these strategies in clinical teaching was summarized in three stages: Before operation, during operation, and after operation. Conclusions The operating room is a clinical facility with specific characteristics, which can challenge teaching in this setting. However, application of effective strategies and methods, as well as efficiently structured training based on the proposed models can facilitate teaching and learning enhancement in operating rooms.
Esmat Nouhi; Sakineh Sabzevari; Hakime Hosainrezaee
Abstract
Background One of the main goals of action research is to improve the quality of education at both individual and organizational levels. Management enables organizations to improve their performance in areas, which have the greatest impact on students’ learning and empowerment, without compromising ...
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Background One of the main goals of action research is to improve the quality of education at both individual and organizational levels. Management enables organizations to improve their performance in areas, which have the greatest impact on students’ learning and empowerment, without compromising the quality of education. Objectives In this study, we aimed to improve the quality of basic clinical skills training for nursing students in an action research, using the available resources. Methods In this action research, a sequential mixed method was applied. The participants in the qualitative phase included experts in the field of education, students, and stakeholders responsible for training at the nursing skills, midwifery, and medical-surgical nursing units of Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery in Kerman, Iran. Assessment of facilities and resources in the quantitative phase was also carried out using a data collection form, a student survey form, and a checklist of basic clinical skills. The stages of action research included action planning for problem-solving, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. The students’ problems with the basic clinical skills and their possible causes were also identified. The most effective and practical solutions for quality improvement included improvement of the educational environment of skill laboratories, followed by the enhancement of skills assessment process using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Results The conventional method failed in the assessment of students’ competence and lacked adequate objectivity and reliability. A significant difference was observed in the mean scores of basic clinical skills (e.g., injection, measurement of vital signs, and dressing) between the conventional method and OSCE (P < 0.05). From the viewpoint of students, OSCE is more reliable and accurate than the conventional method and uses more suitable educational materials and facilities. Conclusions Based on the findings, by improving the educational environment of clinical skills laboratories and implementation of OSCE, nursing students can translate their knowledge of basic clinical skills into practice. We can also improve the quality of health services and clinical care for patients and reduce the incidence of practical errors made by nursing students.
Shoaib Dehghani; Kaveh Bahmanpour; Bijan Nouri; Sina Valiee
Abstract
Background Organ donation requires management to promote awareness and create the proper culture in all societies. Awareness and attitude of students and nursing staff can affect the process of donating organs. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effect of blended education on the awareness ...
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Background Organ donation requires management to promote awareness and create the proper culture in all societies. Awareness and attitude of students and nursing staff can affect the process of donating organs. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effect of blended education on the awareness and attitude of nursing students towards organ donation. Methods In this clinical trial study, which used a Solomon four-group design, 94 undergraduate nursing students from Azad University of Sanandaj in 2016 were selected by the census method and randomly assigned to four groups. The data collection tool included demographic data and the Organ Donation Awareness and Attitude Questionnaire blended education was provided to students through a one-day interactive workshop and social networks for 2 weeks. Before and after the intervention, students’ awareness and attitude were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using Fisher, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The comparison of the awareness level after the intervention in the four groups showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.0001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the attitude level after the intervention between the four groups (P = 0.02). Conclusions Blended education increases the awareness and attitude of nursing students. Thus, trainers and educators are suggested using blended education to train students regarding donation. Moreover, it is recommended to include the topic of donation in the nurse’s curriculum.
Malihe Dadgar Moghadam; Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
Abstract
Background It is claimed that role-playing is a teaching strategy that has several advantages for both the teacher and student. This study aimed to compare two educational methods (oral presentation, a traditional method that is known to be teacher-centered, versus role-playing which is a student-centered ...
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Background It is claimed that role-playing is a teaching strategy that has several advantages for both the teacher and student. This study aimed to compare two educational methods (oral presentation, a traditional method that is known to be teacher-centered, versus role-playing which is a student-centered method). Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed between September 2013 and October 2014 in 95 medical students in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Role-playing and oral (plus Microsoft PowerPoint) presentation were done by one assistant professor. There were no changes in the educational content nor the classroom. Using random numbers, half of each group received one of the methods as the first class and vice versa. At the end of each session, the standard satisfaction evaluating questionnaire was filled by the students. Results During the one-year duration of this study, 95 students were evaluated, and 46 (60%) of them were female. The mean age was 22.5 ± 1 years, and 28 (87.5%) were single. Role-playing had a mean rank of 54.64, and oral presentation had 21.45 (P < 0.001). This difference was present based on gender as well (P < 0.001). The satisfaction score was significantly higher for role-playing (P < 0.001). Conclusions Role-playing can be much more helpful in education and needs to be incorporated into the lesson plans.
Azim Mirzazadeh; Maryam Alizadeh; Mohammad Shariati; Leyla Sadighpour
Abstract
Background Whereas much has been written about the strategies, barriers and facilitator factors of effective and interactive lecturing in medical education little has been written about the effective and interactive lecturing skills educational programs for medical teachers based on peer observation ...
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Background Whereas much has been written about the strategies, barriers and facilitator factors of effective and interactive lecturing in medical education little has been written about the effective and interactive lecturing skills educational programs for medical teachers based on peer observation of teaching. Objectives The current study aimed at designing and implementing an interactive and effective lecturing workshop using peer observation and feedback, and finally evaluating its results. Methods The current descriptive study was conducted in Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 2015 to 2016. The study population consisted of faculty members participating in the effective and interactive lecturing workshop and the study subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. The Kirkpatrick method was used to assess the workshop; for this purpose, the level of reaction, learning, and performance were evaluated using a valid and reliable questionnaire, as well as the one minute note technique, and a form addressing the extent of using interactive techniques in the classroom six months after participation in the workshop. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS 22. Data are presented as frequency and mean where appropriated. The notes were analyzed using manual content analyses. Results The participants believed that the workshop could successfully encourage them to use lecturing principles and interactive lecturing techniques, and provide them with the opportunity to practice and rethink the teaching process. The interactive techniques mostly used six months after participation in the workshop belonged to the question and answer (Q& A) techniques, active evaluation, and use of scenario. Conclusions It seems that the provision of training opportunities, observation of performance, and giving feedback were effective to improve the quality of empowerment programs. It was suggested that other empowerment programs should also address this point.
Mostafa Rad; Kazem Hassanpour; Nematullah Shomoossi
ali hosseinsabet
Reza Behnamfar; Mehrdad Mostaghaci
Abstract
Background Today, information technology and communications play an important role in the promotion of education quality. Some pedagogical studies have been conducted with a focus on electronic learning. This study aims to evaluate the level and distribution of articles on electronic-learning of medical ...
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Background Today, information technology and communications play an important role in the promotion of education quality. Some pedagogical studies have been conducted with a focus on electronic learning. This study aims to evaluate the level and distribution of articles on electronic-learning of medical sciences in the Iranian journals of medical sciences. Methods To collect data, English- and Persian-language scientific-research journals in medical sciences published from 2011 to the end of 2015 were evaluated. Titles, keywords, and methods were searched in the most reliable journals to extract articles in line with the study objectives. The data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics using Excel software. Results According to the results of the current study, only 1 journal allocated more than 10% (14.6% of all evaluated articles) of its published articles to e-learning in medical sciences (totally 14.6%). The highest ratio of articles on e-learning in medical education to the total articles was found in the Iranian Bimonthly of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences (0.146) and strides in development of Medical Education (0.094); and the lowest ratio was found in the Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism (0.31). Conclusions Limitations such as hardware and software infrastructures, as well as lack of interest and time by professors were considered as barriers to study electronic skills and technology sciences and their institutionalization within the curriculum.
Niloofar Shadman; Shahram Farzin Ebrahimi; Molook Torabi; Sina Safari; Sara Khaleghi; Marzieh Karimi-Afshar
Volume 13, Issue 6 , March 2017, , Pages 598-606
Abstract
Background & Objective: Restorative dentistry is a fundamental field in dentistry and students opinions about its education can be helpful in finding its deficiencies and solving them The aim of this study was to evaluate dentistry students attitudes toward restorative dentistry education and its ...
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Background & Objective: Restorative dentistry is a fundamental field in dentistry and students opinions about its education can be helpful in finding its deficiencies and solving them The aim of this study was to evaluate dentistry students attitudes toward restorative dentistry education and its facilities and physical environment Methods: This descriptive crosssectional study was performed on fourth fifth and sixth year students of the School of Dentistry of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran The data collection tool was a twopart questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics form and 38 questions about environment facilities and educational and exam methods and 1 open question scored based on a Likert scale (very appropriate to inappropriate) Data were analyzes using ttest ANOVA and linear regression in SPSS software The significant level was considered as 005 in all tests Results: Among the 110 participates 618% were women and 382% were men The average attitude score (from 26 to 130) was 8486 ± 1130 Overall attitude score was not significantly different between genders academic years and different restorative scores However in the education field the fifth and sixth year students had significantly higher attitude scores than the fourth year students Conclusion: Satisfaction with the clinical and theoretical education of restorative dentistry in the School of Dentistry of Kerman University of Medical Sciences is acceptable but its physical environment and facilities must be improved
Negin Niksadat; Mahnaz Solhi; Zahra Jalili; Shayesteh Shirzadi; Mohsen Mohammadi; Mahmod Reza Gohari
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, , Pages 375-383
Abstract
Background & Objective: Selfmedication is one of the chief health problems and educational programs on its prevention are very important An educational program can be considered effective if it can make the necessary changes in participants knowledge and behavior The aim of this study was to evaluate ...
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Background & Objective: Selfmedication is one of the chief health problems and educational programs on its prevention are very important An educational program can be considered effective if it can make the necessary changes in participants knowledge and behavior The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational prevention program of selfmedication in women using the Kirkpatrick model Methods: This evaluation study was carried out on 88 women The cluster sampling method was used The data collection tools consisted of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) and a researchermade questionnaire based on the Kirkpatrick model the validity and reliability of which were measured The experimental group attended the educational program for 1 month The effectiveness rate of the course was calculated based on significant differences in learning reaction and behavior scores of the case and control groups during the pretest and posttest The collected data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software using descriptive and analytical statistical tests Results: The mean scores of desirability rate of participants reactions in terms of students perception of learning environment students academic selfperception students social selfperception students perception of atmosphere and students perception of teachers were 4481 ± 706 3150 ± 411 2250 ± 354 4310 ± 746 and 4137 ± 520 respectively After the educational intervention ttest results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in mean score of knowledge change and attitude change in the second evaluation level and also between mean score of behavior change in the third level (P < 0001) Conclusion: According to the Kirkpatrick model the educational prevention program of selfmedication resulted in favorable outcomes in the three evaluated levels of reaction learning and behavior and showed satisfactory efficiency
Elham Mazareie; Shahla Momeni Danaei; Sahar Hosseininezhad; Mahsa Nili
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, , Pages 395-402
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluation is a process that identifies and describes the effectiveness of all aspects of education The use of logbooks as an aid in education and assessment might provide the possibility for a more uniform training The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of logbook ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluation is a process that identifies and describes the effectiveness of all aspects of education The use of logbooks as an aid in education and assessment might provide the possibility for a more uniform training The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of logbook on students perspective in each of the 10 departments of dental school Methods: In this crosssectional survey a questionnaire consisting of 16 standardized items each scored on a 5point Likert scale (0 to 4) was used From among the collected forms 50 completely filled questionnaires were entered into the study The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a group of 10 experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbachs α (094) Tukeys test and oneway ANOVA were used for data analysis Results: In all departments there was agreement between the students logbook scores and final grades In addition the ability to find learning weaknesses via logbooks had the lowest score whereas clear statement of learning objectives for each subject and requirement obtained the highest score Usefulness of written clinical procedures in logbooks had the highest score in the Departments of Endodontics Removable Prosthodontics Fixed Prosthodontics and Pediatrics Conclusion: The logbook is a practical and useful assessment tool for evaluating students and achieving learning objectives It clearly states the educational objectives and clarifies the minimum requirements for each department However there is a need for the mutual cooperation and commitment of both the students and educators which requires time and the better establishment of this method
Amin Beigzadeh; Shahnaz Kohan; Nikoo Yamani; Habibolah Rezaei
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September 2016, , Pages 220-234
Abstract
Background & Objective: Social networks are new technologies that have emerged in the past decade and are dramatically used in various areas such as education This new social media has changed the lifestyle of individuals and their communication Due to this fact and the increasing trend towards using ...
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Background & Objective: Social networks are new technologies that have emerged in the past decade and are dramatically used in various areas such as education This new social media has changed the lifestyle of individuals and their communication Due to this fact and the increasing trend towards using social networks in universities the present study was conducted with the purpose to explore graduate students perspectives regarding the use of social networks in education Methods: This study was conducted using qualitative content analysis method The participants were selected using purposive sampling (n = 13) Data were gathered through semistructured interviews recorded on audiotapes transcribed and then analyzed MaxQdata software was used for data analysis Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of 476 codes 59 subcodes 11 subcategories and 4 main categories The main categories included the advantages of social networks (3 subcategories) disadvantages of social networks (2 subcategories) required infrastructures for using social networks in education (3 subcategories) and the capabilities of social networks in education (3 subcategories) Conclusion: This study revealed the advantages disadvantages and the applications of social networks in education Due to the importance of social networks in education we suggest that by providing the required infrastructures such as high speed internet educational protocols and etcetera the uses of social networks in education be improved so that students can better use these networks in education
Hadi Khoshab; Seyed Hamid Seyed-Bagheri; Sekineh Sabzevari; Esmat Nouhi
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September 2016, , Pages 298-306
Abstract
Background & Objective: Nursing care in terms of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) requires education that causes a better and deep learning of the science and practical skills The current study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of traditional and mannequinbased simulation teaching ...
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Background & Objective: Nursing care in terms of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) requires education that causes a better and deep learning of the science and practical skills The current study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of traditional and mannequinbased simulation teaching of CPR on knowledge and practice of emergency medicine students Methods: This experimental study was conducted using intervention and control groups and pretest and posttest The students were randomly divided into two groups of 15 individuals In the experimental group the students were trained through mannequinbased stimulation In the control group traditional CPR training method was used The scientific knowledge and skills of the participants were assessed in three stages of before the study at the end of the semester and 4 months after the intervention using a researchermade questionnaire and checklist The collected data were analyzed using ttest and repeated measurement test Results: The results showed no significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of the theory test and practical skill assessment in the control and intervention group before the study (P > 005) At the end of the semester the scores of the control group were respectively1486 ± 192 and 2253 ± 184 and of the intervention group were respectively 1480 ± 169 and 3480 ± 505 There was only a significant difference between the two groups in the practical test score (P = 0001) Four months after the intervention scores of the control group were 1033 ± 326 and 194 ± 213 and of the intervention group were 1186 ± 188 and 3480 ± 505 respectively Yet again only the practical test score showed significant difference between two groups (P = 0001) Conclusion: Based on the results of the study it is suggested that the mannequinbased stimulation method of teaching be used for training emergency medicine students
Soleiman Ahmady; Soleiman Ahmady; Mohammad Ali Hosseini; Seyed Mehran Homam; Arezo Farajpour; Mohammad Ghitaghi; Maryam Hosseini-Abardeh
Volume 13, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 114-132
Abstract
Background & Objective: Medical education is one of the most important challenges facing Iranian medical authorities Meanwhile Islamic Azad University as a nongovernmental authority for medical education has its own challenges and problems This study aimed to assess faculties perception to identify ...
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Background & Objective: Medical education is one of the most important challenges facing Iranian medical authorities Meanwhile Islamic Azad University as a nongovernmental authority for medical education has its own challenges and problems This study aimed to assess faculties perception to identify the challenges in this area to improve the achievement of educational goals and the quality of health care Methods: In this qualitative study in 2014 the conventional content analysis was done for 10 semistructured interviews with the faculty member of Islamic Azad University with experience interest and authority in medical school After implementation of interviews reviews were done several times The open coding system was used to generate initial categories for analysis Results: Analysis of data obtained from interviews with participants resulted seven themes including the public system abandoned the university despite the general acceptance ignoring students positive and negative characteristics problems of clinical faculty challenges of research area challenges in clinical education problems related to the field of interaction with the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and improving strategies Each theme consisted of several subcategories and described the specific aspects of the challenges in this area Conclusion: It is expected that the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the Stewardship of Health and Medical Education consider the clinical education in Islamic Azad universities in terms of planning and policymaking Islamic Azad University officials also should consider strategies within the organization
Ali Azarnoush; Shayesteh Salehi
Volume 13, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 160-171
Abstract
Background & Objective: Efficient emergency call answering services are vital for the medical emergency services all around the world The provision of emergency services is based on ordering and prioritizing received calls In addition educating this kind of services has a prominent role in answer ...
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Background & Objective: Efficient emergency call answering services are vital for the medical emergency services all around the world The provision of emergency services is based on ordering and prioritizing received calls In addition educating this kind of services has a prominent role in answer time and quality The aim of this study was to describe the experience of telephone triage nurses in 115 Emergency Call Center of the Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Management Center at Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This study was conducted in form of phenomenological qualitative study The sample was selected based on purposive sampling method including 5 nurses in emergency medical services at Kerman University of Medical Sciences with at least 5 years of experience in the 115 Emergency Call Center Data were collected using deep unstructured individual interviews The average time of each interview was 63 minutes and an electronic recorder was used to record the interviews The data were analyzed using Colaizzi method The collected data were reconsidered by the researcher in order to confirm their reliability Results: From the interviews 737 summarized concepts were extracted and formed 9 thematic categorizations Finally the 3 themes of “performing cultural and societal roles” “performing professional and organizational roles” and “performing personal roles” were obtained Experiences of nurses were stated in the form of a compact and continuum set between strengths opportunities weaknesses and threats Conclusion: The findings of the study can be summarized in two fundamental points First evaluation skills which are used in facetoface consultation cannot be transferred directly by telephone This shows that specific training on telephone consultation treatment evaluation and decisionmaking skills should be provided for triage nurses who work at such centers Second a greater degree of job satisfaction can be achieved among the emerging class of telephone triage nurses through allowing independent decisionmaking and decreasing decisionmaking errors by consistent telephone triage instructions and creating suitable educational methods in order to control experienced stresses These are points that must be considered by the Medical Emergency and Disaster Management Centre to promote occupational knowledge of nurses in 115 Emergency Call Center
Esmat Noohi; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Afsaneh Mohammadi
Volume 12, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 442-449
Abstract
Background & Objective: Learning environment should be opportunities for positive change in students attitude to encourage them and create more interest leading to sustainable learning To make constructive changes having information on the current status and about students attitudes toward their ...
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Background & Objective: Learning environment should be opportunities for positive change in students attitude to encourage them and create more interest leading to sustainable learning To make constructive changes having information on the current status and about students attitudes toward their discipline is essential This study was designed to assess the medical and dental students attitude toward their study field (learning environment practicability attraction social rank and future employment) before and after experiencing clinical practice in Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This crosssectional analytic study was conducted in 2012 The study population were 95 medical and dental students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences as census of students A researchermade questionnaire was designed consisting 33 questions in five areas of the components of medical education and health care (education environment applicability of the course the attractiveness of the field career and social status) Data were analyzed using paired t ANOVA and MannWhitney U tests via SPSS software Results: There were significant differences between the medical students attitude toward educational environment and practicability of the field before and after experiencing clinical practice but there was no significant difference between their attitude toward attraction future employment and social rank of the field On the other hand there were significant differences between dental students attitudes toward educational environment and future employment before and after experiencing clinical practice but there was no significant difference between their attitudes toward practicability attraction and social rank of the field In addition there was no significant difference between the two groups based on gender and age Conclusion: The results showed significant differences only in three educational components between two groups of students According to obtained data short and longtime plans could be designed for increasing the efficiency of education improving educational structure and obtaining welfare and economical possibilities for students
Mahnaz Didehvar; Zahra Jalili; Iraj Zareban; Mahnaz Shahrakipour; Noor Mohammad Bakhshani
Volume 12, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 472-484
Abstract
Background & Objective: The phenomenon of occupational stress is an inevitable part of professional life that has negative effects on different areas of life The purpose of this research was to identify the effects of PRECEDE modelbased training on reduction of nurses occupational stress Methods: ...
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Background & Objective: The phenomenon of occupational stress is an inevitable part of professional life that has negative effects on different areas of life The purpose of this research was to identify the effects of PRECEDE modelbased training on reduction of nurses occupational stress Methods: The present study was a quasiexperimental study on nurses First subjects with a medium to high stress level were chosen Then the nurses of Iran and KhatamOlAnbia hospitals Tehran Iran were randomly assigned as intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 41) groups Data gathering tools included the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) to determine nurses occupational stress and PRECEDE Model Structures Questionnaire to provide educational intervention Training was carried out in two 4hour sessions in two consecutive days Subjects were monitored for 3 months Statistical analysis was performed before and 1 month and 3 months after training using SPSS software Descriptive statistical tests independent ttest repeated measures oneway ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used Results: Mean NSS score of the intervention group reduced from 11280 ± 1746 to 9315 ± 2879 after the training Moreover after training the variables of reinforcement enabler and manner showed a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 005) Conclusion: Results showed that the PRECEDE model for stress management education was effective in the reduction of nurses stress level
Zahra Rashki-Ghalehnoo; Dariush Saadati; Omid Tadjrobehkar
Volume 12, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 545-549
Abstract
Background & Objective: There are different views toward the efficacy of different methods of practical training Each method has advantages and disadvantages in terms of its effect on learning cost speed and simplicity This study was performed with the aim to compare the effect of practical microbiology ...
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Background & Objective: There are different views toward the efficacy of different methods of practical training Each method has advantages and disadvantages in terms of its effect on learning cost speed and simplicity This study was performed with the aim to compare the effect of practical microbiology course through traditional and continuous methods of training on practical skills learning academic achievements and satisfaction among pharmacy students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This experimental study was performed on 79 2nd semester pharmacy students The participants were randomly allocated to two groups with equal mean IQ score using Raven IQ test The traditional and continuous methods of training were randomly applied to the two groups Mean final exam scores of the two groups based on station exam final reports and written tests were calculated and compared using Students ttest We also assessed the satisfaction of students with regard to the training methods using a relevant questionnaire Results: Mean scores of the station (468) and written (843) exams obtained using continuous method were significantly higher than that using the traditional method (417 and 751 respectively) Moreover students were more satisfied with the continuous method than the traditional method Conclusion: The continuous method of training had greater impact on learning of practical skills than the traditional method Thus the application of this method in other medical universities in order to provide a suitable setting for further learning is recommended
