Original Article
Roghayeh Gandomkar; Azim Mirzazadeh; Ladan Fata; Azim Mirzazadeh; Mohammad Jalili; Kamran Yazdani; Gholamreza Hassanzadeh; John Sandars
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 440-450
Abstract
Background & Objective: Selfregulated learning (SRL) is highly task and context dependent Microanalytic assessment method measures students SRL processes while performing a particular learning task The present study aimed to design a microanalytic SRL assessment protocol for biomedical science learning ...
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Background & Objective: Selfregulated learning (SRL) is highly task and context dependent Microanalytic assessment method measures students SRL processes while performing a particular learning task The present study aimed to design a microanalytic SRL assessment protocol for biomedical science learning Methods: This mixed method study was conducted in Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2013 The data collection tool was a microanalytic SRL assessment protocol that was designed based on the literature review expert opinion and cognitive interview with medical students and then piloted The participants consisted of 13 second year medical students The subjects were interviewed while conducting a biomedical science learning task Interviews were recorded transcribed and coded based on a predetermined coding framework Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data Results: The microanalytic SRL assessment protocol was developed in three parts; interview guide coding framework and biomedical science learning task An interview guide was designed consisting of 6 openended questions aimed at assessing 5 SRL subprocesses of goal setting strategic planning metacognitive monitoring causal attribution and adaptive inferences and a closeended question regarding selfefficacy Based on the pilot study most participants reported taskspecific and taskgeneral processes for the subprocesses of strategic planning (92%) metacognitive monitoring (77%) causal attribution (85%) and adaptive inferences (92%) Conclusion: The developed protocol could capture the finegrained nature of the selfregulatory subprocesses of medical students for biomedical science learning Therefore it has the potential application of modifying SRL processes in early years of medical school
Original Article
Hajar Shafian; Mansooreh Azizzadeh-Forouzi; Behshid Garrusi; Ali Akbar Haghdoost
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 451-459
Abstract
Background & Objective: Learning style is a distinctive habitual behavior to gain knowledge skills or feedback attained through study or experience The key to engaging students in learning the content is identifying their preferences and learning styles as well as identifying factors influencing ...
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Background & Objective: Learning style is a distinctive habitual behavior to gain knowledge skills or feedback attained through study or experience The key to engaging students in learning the content is identifying their preferences and learning styles as well as identifying factors influencing these variables To reach this goal predictive variables of learning styles should be accurately identified in order to improve the learning environment The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between learning styles and selfesteem in students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This descriptiveanalytical and crosssectional study was carried out on 343 students selected through quota sampling method The data collection tools consisted of a demographic information form the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) version 2 and the Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale (RSES) Data were analyzed using chisquare test Spearmans correlation coefficient linear regression and logistic regression Results: The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 2141 (± 296) and 443% of students used absorbent learning style In addition 609% of students had poor selfesteem No statistically significant association was observed between students learning styles and levels of confidence In addition the results showed that only gender was a prognostic factor in determining learning styles Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the students selfesteem and learning styles were not correlated; thus teachers can disregard these factors in their assessment of students learning styles
Original Article
Maryam Alizadeh; Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 460-467
Abstract
Background & Objective: Utilizing the immediate feedback assessment to Technique (IFAT) in teambased learning is a controversial issue due to its high cost The aim of this study was to investigate medical students views about the outcomes of using IFAT regarding the cooperation rate and method of ...
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Background & Objective: Utilizing the immediate feedback assessment to Technique (IFAT) in teambased learning is a controversial issue due to its high cost The aim of this study was to investigate medical students views about the outcomes of using IFAT regarding the cooperation rate and method of students in teambased learning activates Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2016 at the School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran The study population consisted of medical students who had experienced both teambased learning methods (with and without IFAT) Convenience sampling was performed based on the willingness of students to complete a researchermade valid and reliable questionnaire Data were analyzed using SPSS software Results: The IFAT is designed for use in multiresponse questions Based on predetermined patterns the answer was hidden under a surface which was scratched off by students after discussing the answer Of the 139 participants 555% stated that utilizing IFAT caused an increase in the time of discussion and 388% believed that it had small or very small effect on the participation of students who would not previously take part in the discussion In addition 842% noted that the use of this tool increased the accuracy of answers 85 (611%) believed that IFAT made team discussion more exciting Moreover 532% noted that it enhanced the depth of the discussion and 604% stated that discussions became more serious However the majority of students (503%) believed that it had little effect on the integration of knowledge of other subjects in answering questions The students views in the open question in addition to approving the quantitative results showed that students may wait for other teams to reveal the answer before using their form Conclusion: The students believed that the use of the IFAT has positive effects on participation in team work Although it may be a costly method due to its positive effects from the perspective of students the cost associated with buying or producing of the tool seems to be economical In order to prevent the creation of a competitive educational environment it is recommended that students be made effectively aware of the goals and rationales of using this tool Student orientations should be done in multiple time intervals and must be taken into consideration on other related circumstance such as professional code of conduct training
Original Article
Sara Afshar; Dorsa Hamedi; Nasibeh Noori-Moombeini; Nazila Akbarfahimi
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 468-475
Abstract
Background & Objective: The ultimate goal of medical universities is clinical efficacy in their students Students evaluation of selfefficacy can be a good guide to predicting their clinical skills Therefore this research was designed to evaluate the effect of occupational therapy clinical training ...
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Background & Objective: The ultimate goal of medical universities is clinical efficacy in their students Students evaluation of selfefficacy can be a good guide to predicting their clinical skills Therefore this research was designed to evaluate the effect of occupational therapy clinical training during one semester on selfefficacy and clinical reasoning in students and the relationship between these two factors Methods: This descriptiveanalytical and crosssectional study was conducted on 42 third and fourth year undergraduate students of occupational therapy who were passing the clinical education course The study was conducted in all occupational therapy clinical centers of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran through census sampling in 2014 The General SelfEfficacy Scale (10 questions) and SelfAssessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning (26 questions) were used in this study Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and parametric tests such as paired ttest independent ttest and the Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS software Results: Results indicated a significant change (from 2997 ± 387 in pretest to 3180 ± 404 in posttest) in students selfefficacy during one semester (P = 0009) However the increase in mean scores of clinical reasoning and selfreflection at the end of the semester was not significant (P = 0460) There was a weak correlation between the selfefficacy variable and clinical reasoning and selfreflection (P = 0010 r = 039) Scores did not show statistically significant differences in either cases and between the two sexes Conclusion: According to the results of this study clinical training program in the field of occupational therapy led to the creation and promotion of selfefficacy in students but does not increase clinical reasoning among them Therefore revision of clinical training of students and improvement of their clinical courses plans seems necessary
Original Article
Somayeh Kamalpour; Mansoureh Azizzadeh-Forouzi; Batool Tirgary
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 476-487
Abstract
Background & Objective: Nurses experience numerous stressors Nursing students despite their limited experience are forced to face many stressors and this will cause academic burnout among them Resiliency has a key role in the reduction of negative consequences and increasing of positive consequences ...
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Background & Objective: Nurses experience numerous stressors Nursing students despite their limited experience are forced to face many stressors and this will cause academic burnout among them Resiliency has a key role in the reduction of negative consequences and increasing of positive consequences of stress and thus can impact academic burnout This study was performed to determine the relationship between resiliency and academic burnout in nursing students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This descriptivecorrelational study was conducted on 161 nursing students Demographic characteristics form the ConnorDavidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC) and Academic Burnout Questionnaire (Breso et al) were used to collect data The results were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient independent ttest and ANOVA in SPSS software P < 005 was considered as the significant level Results: In this study 154 (957%) participants were 1924 years old of whom 627% were women and 373% were men The mean scores of academic burnout and resiliency were 4156 ± 865 and 6632 ± 1157 respectively The results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated an inverse statistical correlation between academic burnout and resiliency (r = 026 P = 0001) Conclusion: In the present study a significant relationship was observed between academic burnout and resiliency among nursing students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Students with higher resiliency reported lower academic burnout
Original Article
Roghayeh Poursaberi
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 488-496
Abstract
Background & Objective: Procrastination is often described as a deliberate and irrational delay It is prevalent among students all over the world The aim of this was study to determine the prevalence of academic procrastination among the students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran in the ...
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Background & Objective: Procrastination is often described as a deliberate and irrational delay It is prevalent among students all over the world The aim of this was study to determine the prevalence of academic procrastination among the students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran in the academic year 20142015 and its correlation with academic performance Methods: This crosssectional study was carried on 150 medical nursing and midwifery students living in the dormitory of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences The subjects were selected through nonprobability sampling The data collection tool used was the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) designed by Solomon and Rothblum The total reliability of the PAS and the reliability of its subscales were determined using Cronbachs alpha (range: 041078) The data were analyzed using chisquare test and multiple regression analysis Results: According to the results the prevalence of procrastination and its dimensions were 353% 280% 307% and 313% respectively The chisquare test also showed that procrastination in assignments articles and essays preparation and the total score of procrastination had a meaningful negative correlation with the academic performance of the nursing and obstetric students (P < 001) Furthermore the total score of procrastination and its dimensions had significant negative correlation with the academic performance of the whole sample (P < 001) The stepwise multiple regression reveald analysis that the total score of procrastination was the best factor for predicting academic performance Conclusion: The present study results indicated procrastination as the most common cause of reduction of academic performance among students Therefore complementary studies are needed to investigate the causes of academic procrastination
Original Article
Ali Arefi-Maskoni; Mohammadreza Zangiabadi; Rahimeh Khademipour
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 497-504
Abstract
Background & Objective: The creation of culture propagation of natural childbirth and reduction of caesarian section has always been one of the objectives of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education In addition this subject is one of the 8 objectives of the countrys health system reform plan ...
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Background & Objective: The creation of culture propagation of natural childbirth and reduction of caesarian section has always been one of the objectives of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education In addition this subject is one of the 8 objectives of the countrys health system reform plan The aim of this study was the evaluation and explanation of the fundamentals caesarian section in terms of jurisprudence because medicine and jurisprudence can be related in some respects With the consideration of this connection and using Islamic resources training programs can be improved and teaching and learning output strengthened in order to better train medical students and the public on medical issues Methods: The present study was conducted through library research and by studying literature and valid first class sources of Fiqh and Hadith like Wasāil alShīʿa Man Lā Yahzar āl Faqih Mostadrakāl vasāil Qavāid āl Fiqhi and ālmizan and the religious grounds for natural childbirth Moreover books articles and dissertations in the field of medicine and the views of experts in the field were used The common points between these resources were noted in order to achieve the desired result Selection of resources was based on their accreditation in jurisprudence and medicine Results: By studying a large number of religious Hadith and medical books related to the discussion topic it was found that natural childbirth has a scientific and rational priority over cesarean delivery except in cases of necessity However caesarian delivery is thriving today One of the most important findings of this research is that in addition to its disadvantages cesarean delivery can be indirectly effective in the reduction of population The limiting of the human race is under the “LāZarar” rules of the Islamic jurisprudence This means that harming oneself or others is not legitimate in Islam This is a good reason to study this subject in terms of Islamic jurisprudence and to guide students and researchers toward the development of medical education Conclusion: Cesarean delivery operation is one of the issues that contrary to popular imagination Islamic jurisprudence has discussed The results showed that caesarean section despite less pain than natural childbirth has no advantages over natural childbirth except in special cases and Islamic jurisprudence confirms this in numerous fatwas On the other hand cesarean section is subject to the rules of Islamic jurisprudence and according to the rule of no injury and loss in Islam (LāZarar rule) whatever causes harm to human beings is prohibited One of the major damages that cesarean delivery indirectly causes for human life is the crisis of population reduction and thus it has been forbidden according to the rule of LāZarar
Original Article
Mahshid Loloie; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Azam Bazrafshan; Maryam Okhovati; Ali Mohammad Mokhtari; Morteza Zare
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 505-514
Abstract
Background & Objective: academic failure has always been one of the major challenges of higher education institutions that could cause serious individual and social outcomes This study aimed to analysis the effect of potential factors on students academic failure in Kerman University of Medical Sciences ...
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Background & Objective: academic failure has always been one of the major challenges of higher education institutions that could cause serious individual and social outcomes This study aimed to analysis the effect of potential factors on students academic failure in Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This was an unmatched casecontrol study The study population consisted of all undergraduate students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in two semesters in 2012 From 514 selected students 246 were assigned to the case group and the rest were studied in the control group Data were collected using a selfadministered questionnaire via consensus methodology The questionnaire consisted of three sections: individual family and academic factors Reliability of the questionnaire was approved by a group of faculty members and its internal consistency was estimated as 082 Data were analyzed using SPSS software Results: The mean age of studied students was 222 years The mean grade point average (GPA) of was 142 and 169 in cases and controls respectively Academic failure was 164 times more in boys than the girls (P = 002) and 159 times more in students who had a sense of frustration (P = 002) Students who reported using drugs tobacco or alcohol experienced academic failure 639 times more than the others (P = 001) Conclusion: Academic failure is a phenomenon affected by multiple factors Therefore reducing it requires the participation of a wide range of people taking part in students learning
Original Article
Elham Iranmanesh; Ali Hosseininasab; Alireza Shahidi
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 515-524
Abstract
Background & Objective: In the past the written exam for the promotion and certification of medical residents was provided nationwide and conducted by the Council of Graduate Medical Education Changes in the method of performing medical residents promotion exams have been continuously discussed by ...
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Background & Objective: In the past the written exam for the promotion and certification of medical residents was provided nationwide and conducted by the Council of Graduate Medical Education Changes in the method of performing medical residents promotion exams have been continuously discussed by scholars According to the educational approach in the prestigious universities of the world in the field of specialized clinical residency training the promotion exam has been transferred to residents training universities In this study the viewpoints of faculty members and residents of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran were evaluated regarding the decentralized promotion and certification residency exam Methods: This was a crosssectional study The study population consisted of all residents and faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences The data were collected using a selfadministered questionnaire including questions about the strengths and weaknesses of the decentralized residency upgrade and certification exam Data were analyzed using SPSS software All Pvalues of ≤ 005 were considered significant Results: The items of “participation of all members of the department in questions preparation” and “more attention to the endemic diseases” (score of 406 and 355 respectively) obtained the highest scores The lowest dispersion rate was also related to these two components The item “decreased quality of questions” with a score of 245 had the lowest impact From the viewpoint of faculty members “participation of all members of the department in questions preparation and different education due to different assessment methods in universities (376 and 375 respectively) obtained the highest scores Moreover “bias in the ministries regarding enrichment of question banks” and “closure of departments during questions preparation” obtained the lowest scores (285) There was no significant difference between the two groups in scoring of the components based on demographic characteristics Conclusion: Although in the view of residents and faculty members the decentralization of this exam has some benefits there are many deficiencies which must be addressed in order to attain greater effectiveness
Letter to editor
لیلا صفابخش; مژگان جهان تیغ
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 525-527
Abstract
استدلال بالینی فرایند منطقی جمع آوری نکات کلیدی اطلاعات، درک مشکلات و وضعیت بیمار، برنامهریزی واجرای مداخلات، ارزیابی مداخلات و بازخورد در فرایند یادگیری است (1) استدلال ...
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استدلال بالینی فرایند منطقی جمع آوری نکات کلیدی اطلاعات، درک مشکلات و وضعیت بیمار، برنامهریزی واجرای مداخلات، ارزیابی مداخلات و بازخورد در فرایند یادگیری است (1) استدلال بالینی پرستاران را می توان فرایند شناختی و استراتژی هایی که برای درک اطلاعات، شناسایی و تشخیص مشکلات بیماران استفاده می شود تعریف کرد استدلال بالینی یک راه تفکر بالینی در رابطه با مهارتهای بالینی است(2،3) شناسایی نکات کلیدی درست اساس استدلال بالینی است این سرنخها از تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و روانی که در بیمار وجود دارد و یا از طریق معاینه و شرح حال و تاریخچه بیمار قابل شناسایی اند و با توجه به بدنه دانش و باورهای فلسفی قابل درک هستند به دست آوردن نکات کلیدی تحت تاثیر مواردی مانند تجربه، بکارگیری دانش برای تصمیم گیری، استرس و اعتماد به نفس است هنگامی که نکات کلیدی درست به دست نیاید به دنبال آن واکنش نادرست هم انجام می شود به دانشجوی پرستاری باید کمک شود که بفهمد چگونه اطلاعات کلیدی مربوط را به دست اورد یک پرستار باید در بسیاری از موارد استدلال بالینی مانند مهارتهای حرکتیروانی و معاینات فیزیکی توانمندی لازم را داشته باشد پرستارانی که استدلال بالینی ضعیف دارند در شناخت بیمار، تشخیص شرایط بیمار و نجات بیمار موفق نخواهند بود (4،5)
Letter to editor
فرشته عراقیان مجرد; اکرم ثناگو; لیلا جویباری
Volume 13, Issue 5 , January 2017, Pages 528-529
Abstract
مرجعیت علمی به پیشگامی، برتری و اول بودن در عرصه علم برمی گردد(1) مرجعیت علمی، اول بار توسط مقام معظم رهبری در دیدار با دانشجویان و اساتید دانشگاه امام صادق (ع) در عید غدیر ...
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مرجعیت علمی به پیشگامی، برتری و اول بودن در عرصه علم برمی گردد(1) مرجعیت علمی، اول بار توسط مقام معظم رهبری در دیدار با دانشجویان و اساتید دانشگاه امام صادق (ع) در عید غدیر سال1384عنوان گردید(2) در اینجا به چند عبارت از مقام معظم رهبری اشاره می نماییم:
