Original Article
Mahsa Kalantary; Mahsa Sayadi; Maryam Sadat Hashemipoor
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 326-336
Abstract
Background & Objective: Educational institutes have different approaches to the evaluation of their activities Many factors in the teaching process affect the learning process This study investigated the attitudes of dental students in the School of Dentistry of Kerman University of Medical Sciences ...
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Background & Objective: Educational institutes have different approaches to the evaluation of their activities Many factors in the teaching process affect the learning process This study investigated the attitudes of dental students in the School of Dentistry of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Iran) toward the current educational condition and learning atmosphere using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) Methods: This descriptive crosssectional study was performed on 205 dental students in 2013 DREEM includes questions on demographic information and 50 questions in 5 subscales (students perceptions of learning students perceptions of teachers students academic selfperceptions students perceptions of atmosphere and students social selfperceptions) The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS software Results: The mean of the achieved scores in the 5 subscales was 15223 ± 1563 out of 250 among men and 16464 ± 1880 among women Amongst the study population 9% found the educational conditions highly undesirable Statistically significant differences were observed only for the learning subscale between the 3rdyear and 4thyear students Conclusion: Students attitudes toward the learning environment of Kerman University of Medical Sciences were mostly positive but there were some inconsistencies It seems that stress fatigue and lack of feedback from teachers has caused negative emotions among students
Original Article
Mohammad Reza Amiresmaili; Saeideh Negahdari; Zahra Khosravirad; Mahya Tohidi; Sajad Khosravi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 337-348
Abstract
Background & Objective: The plan of integration of medical schools into the health system was adopted in 1985 and one of its consequences was the creation of the teaching hospital The aim of this study was to investigate the problems and challenges of managing teaching hospitals Methods: This qualitative ...
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Background & Objective: The plan of integration of medical schools into the health system was adopted in 1985 and one of its consequences was the creation of the teaching hospital The aim of this study was to investigate the problems and challenges of managing teaching hospitals Methods: This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted through interviews with 16 health experts about the integration of medical education and the problems of the management of teaching hospitals in 2014 In this study the data gathering tool was interviews In order to approve the credibility and confirmability of the text it was transcribed and the resulting analysis was distributed among the professors participating in this study and their corrective recommendations and comments were applied Data were analyzed through the analysis framework techniques Results: The findings of this study included 6 main codes and 20 subcodes regarding the problems of teaching hospitals The main codes included the weaknesses of the integration of education and health the strengths of the integration of education and health management problems of teaching hospitals weaknesses of the separation of education and health strengths of the separation of education and health and organizational communications Conclusion: Management of teaching hospitals compared with treatment hospitals is very difficult Many of the problems in hospitals are due to the lack of sufficient power of the director and the head of the hospital Thus these problems can be reduced by the delegation of authority to the hospital managers
Original Article
Somayeh Mohammadizad; Mehran Aghapour-Joibary
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 349-360
Abstract
Background & Objective: The exam night phenomenon is a phenomenon observed among Iranian students in recent years This means that students study the lessons offered during the term only on the night before the exam The aim of this study was to investigate students views and reasons regarding the ...
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Background & Objective: The exam night phenomenon is a phenomenon observed among Iranian students in recent years This means that students study the lessons offered during the term only on the night before the exam The aim of this study was to investigate students views and reasons regarding the exam night phenomenon of night Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through phenomenological method and purposive sampling The participants consisted of BSc students of Babol University of Medical Sciences (Iran) who had completed at least two half semesters and had experienced the exam night phenomenon Data were collected through indepth semistructured interviews and analyzed using open coding and a deep coding Results: The 3 main themes of personal problems (mental preoccupation lack of motivation students personality working while studying and study methods) educational issues (teacher textbooks interest in courses and the field of study and compact classes and the resulting fatigue) and implicit issues (university atmosphere family and the influence of friends) were effective in the exam night phenomenon Conclusion: According to the results the exam night phenomenon and its effective factors is an important issue which affects the students study method final score and many other issues
Original Article
Mohammad Hassan Seif; Ahmad Rastegar; Raheleh Ershadi; Saeed Mazloumian
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 361-374
Abstract
Background & Objective: There has been growing recognition that medical students interns residents and practicing physicians across many specialties are prone to burnout with recent studies linking high rates of burnout to adverse mental health issues The aim of this study was to examine factors ...
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Background & Objective: There has been growing recognition that medical students interns residents and practicing physicians across many specialties are prone to burnout with recent studies linking high rates of burnout to adverse mental health issues The aim of this study was to examine factors affecting academic burnout among medical students and investigate the association between achievement goals and its dimensions academic selfefficacy and academic procrastination in the form of a causal model Methods: For this purpose 174 students (98 in the clinical stage and 76 in the preclinical stage) of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were selected based on Cochrans Formula and through simple random sampling The data collection tools consisted of the Maslach Burnout InventoryStudent Survey (MBISS) Achievement Goal Questionnaire (Elliot and McGregor) Academic SelfEfficacy Scale (Midgley et al) and Academic Procrastination Scale (Savari) To analyze the data path analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used Results: The resulting path models indicated that academic burnout had significant negative relationships with mastery achievement goal performanceapproach and academic selfefficacy but it had significantly positive relationships with academic procrastination and performanceavoidance It was also found that achievement goals had impact on academic burnout through academic procrastination and selfefficacy The explained variance of academic burnout was 061 Conclusion: It was found that achievement goals and academic selfefficacy had significant effects on academic procrastination and burnout Thus it is suggested that those involved in education provide the students with situations in which they can achieve a higher sense of empowerment in learning so that they become more engaged in their academic work and be less likely to experience burnout
Original Article
Negin Niksadat; Mahnaz Solhi; Zahra Jalili; Shayesteh Shirzadi; Mohsen Mohammadi; Mahmod Reza Gohari
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 375-383
Abstract
Background & Objective: Selfmedication is one of the chief health problems and educational programs on its prevention are very important An educational program can be considered effective if it can make the necessary changes in participants knowledge and behavior The aim of this study was to evaluate ...
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Background & Objective: Selfmedication is one of the chief health problems and educational programs on its prevention are very important An educational program can be considered effective if it can make the necessary changes in participants knowledge and behavior The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational prevention program of selfmedication in women using the Kirkpatrick model Methods: This evaluation study was carried out on 88 women The cluster sampling method was used The data collection tools consisted of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) and a researchermade questionnaire based on the Kirkpatrick model the validity and reliability of which were measured The experimental group attended the educational program for 1 month The effectiveness rate of the course was calculated based on significant differences in learning reaction and behavior scores of the case and control groups during the pretest and posttest The collected data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software using descriptive and analytical statistical tests Results: The mean scores of desirability rate of participants reactions in terms of students perception of learning environment students academic selfperception students social selfperception students perception of atmosphere and students perception of teachers were 4481 ± 706 3150 ± 411 2250 ± 354 4310 ± 746 and 4137 ± 520 respectively After the educational intervention ttest results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in mean score of knowledge change and attitude change in the second evaluation level and also between mean score of behavior change in the third level (P < 0001) Conclusion: According to the Kirkpatrick model the educational prevention program of selfmedication resulted in favorable outcomes in the three evaluated levels of reaction learning and behavior and showed satisfactory efficiency
Original Article
Mohsen Saffari; Norooz Mahmoudi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 384-394
Abstract
Background & Objective: Selfesteem is one of the fundamental factors in academic performance of students and recognizing the variables which impact it may help its improvement The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of factors such as demographic and academic variables inclination toward ...
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Background & Objective: Selfesteem is one of the fundamental factors in academic performance of students and recognizing the variables which impact it may help its improvement The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of factors such as demographic and academic variables inclination toward lifelong learning and learning style on selfesteem among health sciences students Methods: In the present study 209 students of the School of Health of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (Tehran Iran) were selected to participate in the study using stratified random sampling Data collection tools consisted of a demographic and academic information questionnaire the Rosenberg selfesteem scale (RSES) Kolbs Learning Style Inventory (KLSI) and the Jefferson Scale of Lifelong Learning Data were analyzed using independent ttest oneway ANOVA Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis in SPSS software Results: The mean age of participants was 267 ± 84 years and most (94%) of them were men In bivariate analysis factors such as gender daily study time some domains of learning style as well as constructs of lifelong learning were significantly associated with selfesteem In multiple regression analysis variables of gender daily study time abstract conceptualization from learning style domains and beliefs of motivation toward learning (a lifelong learning construct) predicted students selfesteem Approximately 38% of variance in selfesteem was explained using variables included in the regression model Conclusion: Considering that variables such as gender daily study time some learning style domains and inclination toward lifelong learning may be associated with selfesteem to improve students selfesteem in the line with enhancing their academic performance appropriate planning should be undertaken considering these factors Moreover further studies are necessary in this regard to gain more understanding of these factors
Original Article
Elham Mazareie; Shahla Momeni Danaei; Sahar Hosseininezhad; Mahsa Nili
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 395-402
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluation is a process that identifies and describes the effectiveness of all aspects of education The use of logbooks as an aid in education and assessment might provide the possibility for a more uniform training The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of logbook ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluation is a process that identifies and describes the effectiveness of all aspects of education The use of logbooks as an aid in education and assessment might provide the possibility for a more uniform training The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of logbook on students perspective in each of the 10 departments of dental school Methods: In this crosssectional survey a questionnaire consisting of 16 standardized items each scored on a 5point Likert scale (0 to 4) was used From among the collected forms 50 completely filled questionnaires were entered into the study The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a group of 10 experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbachs α (094) Tukeys test and oneway ANOVA were used for data analysis Results: In all departments there was agreement between the students logbook scores and final grades In addition the ability to find learning weaknesses via logbooks had the lowest score whereas clear statement of learning objectives for each subject and requirement obtained the highest score Usefulness of written clinical procedures in logbooks had the highest score in the Departments of Endodontics Removable Prosthodontics Fixed Prosthodontics and Pediatrics Conclusion: The logbook is a practical and useful assessment tool for evaluating students and achieving learning objectives It clearly states the educational objectives and clarifies the minimum requirements for each department However there is a need for the mutual cooperation and commitment of both the students and educators which requires time and the better establishment of this method
Original Article
Ehsan Nezakati; Mohammad Bagher Sohrabi; Robabeh Zaroug-Hosseini; Pouneh Zolfaghari; Elaheh Yahyaei
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 403-410
Abstract
Background & Objective: The morning report is a common useful and valuable clinical training method in the world This method when applied on the basis of evidencebased medicine (EBM) plays a more effective role in learning among medical students This study aimed to determine the impact ...
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Background & Objective: The morning report is a common useful and valuable clinical training method in the world This method when applied on the basis of evidencebased medicine (EBM) plays a more effective role in learning among medical students This study aimed to determine the impact of EBM on medical students skill in presentation of morning report and its quality Methods: This study was operations research and 80 students were selected through simple random sampling from among all medical practitioners of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (Iran) The selected participants took part in the 3day workshop of introduction to EBM with emphasis on morning report presentation Data were gathered using a researchermade questionnaire which was validated by experts and its reliability was approved using Cronbachs alpha coefficient Questionnaires were distributed among the students before and after the study and the results were compared Data were analyzed using chisquared test and ttest in SPSS software Results: Of the 80 interns participating in the study 22 individuals (275%) were men and the rest were female Average time of internship training for the interns was 105 ± 65 months (range: 316 months) The mean quality score of morning increased significantly from 903 ± 256 at baseline to 1328 ± 303 (P = 0001) Significant changes were observed in broadband facilities computer facilities and the emergence of new and accessible scientific resources the average number of interns participating in the meeting average attendance of those on duty the night before regular attendance of teachers regular participation of interns the regular and timely attendance of those managing the discussion active participation of interns in discussions role of teachers in the meeting the selection of patients the method of discussion about different parts of the patient followup of previously introduced patients and the positive role of group administrators before and after EBM training Conclusion: Morning reports presentation based on EBM during internship at this University was desirable which can effectively result in the improvement of the quality of education regular and more beneficial attendance of teachers especially onduty specialists and more active participation of students and thus improve care training and update clinical teachers information However due to students and professors lack of knowledge regarding EBM holding training courses on this topic seems necessary
Brief report
Forouzan Tonkaboni; Fatemeh-Al-sadat Robaty
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 411-421
Abstract
Background & Objective: With the presentation of topics related to social capital the attention of scholars has been drawn to the ability of curriculums to develop social capital and its components (trust participation and solidarity) The current study aimed to present a teaching model for curriculum ...
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Background & Objective: With the presentation of topics related to social capital the attention of scholars has been drawn to the ability of curriculums to develop social capital and its components (trust participation and solidarity) The current study aimed to present a teaching model for curriculum development for medical students in order to improve their social capital Methods: This qualitative survey was carried out based on grounded theory Data were gathered through interviews with 18 professors of medical curriculum planning The subjects were selected through purposive sampling Open axial and selective coding approaches were used to analyze the data Results: Teaching method was recognized as the main context of the present paper Then barriers to strategies and outcomes of the main context of the study were separated and plotted within a research paradigm and the final model of the study was created Conclusion: In the planning of the curriculum for medical sciences students factors effective on social capital promotion must be considered in the development of teaching methods
Brief report
Ali Reza Mogheli; Zohreh Esmaeilzadeh; Javad Kojuri
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 422-431
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluation of the clinical training environment should be considered as an integral component of an optimal learning environment Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational environment of residents at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Iran based ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluation of the clinical training environment should be considered as an integral component of an optimal learning environment Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational environment of residents at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Iran based on DRECT (Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test) questionnaire toward educational group accreditation in 20142015 Methods: This mixedmethod study was conducted in two phases The statistical population consisted of all residents in the field of internal medicine (n = 50) The first phase of the present study was performed quantitatively and using DRECT questionnaire The second phase of the study was performed a qualitatively through semistructured interviews with the target group The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved using the views of 5 educational experts and Cronbachs alpha (α = 090) respectively The collected data were analyzed using Pearson coefficient and independent ttest in SPSS software Results: The results of this study demonstrated a meaningful correlation between the fields of professors role formal education guiding and evaluation and decision making for patients treatment The highest correlation was related to the two fields of formal education and decision making for patients treatment (P = 0001) and the least correlation was related to professors role and formal education (P = 0009) In qualitative analysis the strengthens of the group were regular attendance of classes morning reports and planning The weaknesses included revising the educational environment high load of clinical work high number of shifts little amount of time for theoretical studying and lack of attention to specialty skills Conclusion: According to the results the head of educational groups should move toward improving the quality of education in terms of residents cooperation and team work
Letter to editor
سجاد خسروی
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 432-433
Abstract
با ارزیابی مراقبتهای بهداشتی و درمانی می توان کیفیت اجرایی برنامهها، روند پیشرفت اجرا و میزان شکست یا موفقیت برنامه را تعیین نمود(1) افزایش سریع قیمت خدمات پزشکی، ...
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با ارزیابی مراقبتهای بهداشتی و درمانی می توان کیفیت اجرایی برنامهها، روند پیشرفت اجرا و میزان شکست یا موفقیت برنامه را تعیین نمود(1) افزایش سریع قیمت خدمات پزشکی، دوباره کاری در استفاده از تکنیک های گران قیمت و عرضه خدمات غیر ضروری، افراط در آزمایش های پزشکی و استفاده نابجا از تجهیزات و لوازم طبی همه گواه این مطلب است که کارایی خدمات پزشک کنونی قابل ارتقاست(2) برای کاهش این هزینهها مشوقهای اقتصادی متنوعی استفاده شده است اگرچه این مشوقها هزینه ها و میزان استفاده از خدمات را کاهش میدهند، اما در بعد دسترسی بیمار به خدمات بیمارستانی و کیفیت خدمات ارایه شده به بیمار به نتایج مطلوبی دست نیافته اند(3) برای حفظ کیفیت و دسترسی، تمرکز بر روی شاخص های محدودکننده هزینه با توجه به ضروری یا غیرضروری بودن خدمات درمانی ارایه شده ضروری است(4) به منظور رفع هزینه ها، دولتهای مختلف درصدد ارتقای کارایی خدمات از طریق کاهش هزینه ها و نیز استفاده حداکثر از ظرفیت این خدمات می باشند اما برخی سیاستهای تحدید هزینه همچون کاهش تخت های بیمارستانی، لیست های انتظار برای مراقبتهای بهداشتی و درمانی را افزایش داده، که راه جلوگیری از آن استفاده از تختهای بجا مانده با حداکثر کارایی و راه استفاده کارا از تخت های بیمارستانی اجتناب از ارائه خدمات غیر ضروری به بیمار و یا به حداقل رساندن آن می باشد(2) ارائه خدمات غیر ضروری نه تنها منجر به افزایش هزینهها خواهد شد بلکه همچنین باعث ارایه خدمات بهداشتی ضعیف و بالا رفتن میزان میرایی می شود(5) بنابراین ارزیابی دایمی خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی یک موضوع مهم است که باید برای ارتقا میزان بهره وری از منابع و افزایش کیفیت خدمات ارایه شده انجام گیرد(6)
Letter to editor
فرشته عراقیان مجرد; اکرم ثناگو; لیلا جویباری
Volume 13, Issue 4 , November 2016, Pages 434-435
Abstract
کارآفرینی به معنی ایجاد یا ارتقا و بهبودی چیزی با هدف تولید منافع برای فرد و جامعه است این پدیده در دهههای اخیر با توجه به تحولات اقتصادی، نوآوری تکنولوژی و جهانی شدن ...
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کارآفرینی به معنی ایجاد یا ارتقا و بهبودی چیزی با هدف تولید منافع برای فرد و جامعه است این پدیده در دهههای اخیر با توجه به تحولات اقتصادی، نوآوری تکنولوژی و جهانی شدن گسترش یافته است به منظور تعقیب این سناریوی جدید، پرستاران باید بدانند که حتی با مهارتهای چندگانه، نیاز به رویارویی با چالشهای جدید، به معنای بررسی فرصت ها و در نظر داشتن حیطه های جدیدی برای عمل، دارند(۱) کارآفرینی در بخش مراقبتهای بهداشتی در حال حاضر پدیده جدیدی نیست قبل از جنگ جهانی دوم، بسیاری از پرستاران به عنوان کارآفرین کار کردهاند بعد از جنگ، پرستاران در بسیاری از کشورها در بخش خدمات عمومی به دلیل تغییرات اجتماعی و اقتصادی شروع به کار کرده اند عوامل اجتماعی، سیاسی، اقتصادی مانند بحران اقتصادی، نارضایتی پرستاران با کار خود، و تغییرات در نیازهای سلامت مردم و مصرفکنندگان باعث شده که پرستاران بیشتری در طول چند دهه گذشته به سوی کار آفرینی روی آورند یک پرستار به عنوان کارآفرین، خدمات پرستاری مختلفی را در بازار بخش خصوصی در حوزه های مراقبت، آموزش، پژوهش و کار اداری پیشنهاد می دهد (2) برخی از مطالعات نشان میدهد که عدم صلاحیت در کارآفرینی یک مانع عمده برای پرستارانی است که میخواهند به کارآفرین تبدیل شوند (3،4)
