Original Article
Somayeh Akbari-Farmad; Soleiman Ahmady; Mohammad Ali Hoseini
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background & Objective: In recent decades medical education has been expanding as part of the higher education system in the world Due to the complexities of clinical education the effect of various environmental factors on and changes in clinical environment the importance of accountability to society ...
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Background & Objective: In recent decades medical education has been expanding as part of the higher education system in the world Due to the complexities of clinical education the effect of various environmental factors on and changes in clinical environment the importance of accountability to society and patients and socially accountable medical education (SAME) challenges the exploration of faculty members perceptions about SAME challenges is necessary Thus the aim of this study was to explore faculty members perceptions on the challenges of SAME Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using qualitative content analysis in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2014 Knowledge obtained through qualitative content analysis is based on the unique views of the participants and actual data of the text The participants were 8 faculty members who provided the most data on the fundamental factors effective on SAME (purposive sampling) Semistructured interviews were conducted with the participants and they were asked to describe their experiences of and views on SAME Data collection was continued until achieving data saturation Data collection and analysis were carried out simultaneously through consideration of trustworthiness Results: The main themes extracted in this study were defective education which is not communitybased lack of adequate commitment of teachers as role models lack of motivation in students and management problems and lack of resources Conclusion: The results of the present study illustrate the necessity for fundamental and comprehensive modification of training programs and improvement of their processes so that they can accommodate the communitys requirements Moreover there is need for strategies to increase motivation among teachers and students
Original Article
Seyed Reza Mazloum; Maryam Ghorbanzadeh; Tayebeh Reyhani; Mehri Yavari; Hasan Boskabadi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 10-19
Abstract
Background & Objective: Despite the importance of local educational standards for the correct implementation and evaluation of higher education programs studies show such standards do not exist for the masters degree in neonatal intensive care nursing Therefore the purpose of the present study was ...
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Background & Objective: Despite the importance of local educational standards for the correct implementation and evaluation of higher education programs studies show such standards do not exist for the masters degree in neonatal intensive care nursing Therefore the purpose of the present study was to develop basic educational standards for program evaluation and accreditation of the master of sciences course in neonatal intensive care nursing Methods: This study was a descriptive survey conducted using the Delphi survey method in 2014 A total of 20 experts including infants and medical education specialists administrators of the department of education faculty members of the department of pediatrics nursing administrators of neonatal intensive care units and students and graduates of the neonatal intensive care nursing course were selected through purposive sampling First items related to basic educational standards were extracted through an extensive review of databases Subsequently 3 sessions in 2 rounds were held with the experts and basic educational standards for the evaluation of the master of sciences course in neonatal intensive care nursing were developed on the basis of consensus Results: This study led to the proposal of 20 items as basic educational standards for the evaluation of the master of sciences course in neonatal intensive care nursing In the first round 25 items of the total 41 items were agreed upon by experts Statistical results showed the content validity index in clear expression importance and availability in the second round was 094 092 087 respectively Conclusion: Considering that the checklist of basic educational standards was developed by experts it is hoped it will gain high acceptability and be an efficient model for the evaluation of the masters program in neonatal intensive care nursing
Original Article
Khadijeh Jamshidi-Moghaddam; Ahmad Reza Nasr; Seyed Ebrahim Mirshah-Jafari
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 20-33
Abstract
Background & Objective: Foreign students encounter educational problems which make studying in the host country difficult Given the importance of the educational problems of foreign students and identifying the factors which alleviate these problems this study examined the educational problems of ...
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Background & Objective: Foreign students encounter educational problems which make studying in the host country difficult Given the importance of the educational problems of foreign students and identifying the factors which alleviate these problems this study examined the educational problems of international students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This was a quantitativequalitative study with a descriptiveanalytical design In the qualitative section interviews were conducted with 14 foreign students and in the quantitative section 56 students were selected through random sampling proportional to sample size Semistructured interviews and a researchermade questionnaire were used to collect information Data analysis was conducted using categorization methods descriptive statistics univariate ttest ANOVA post hoc test and multiple regression in SPSS software Results: In the qualitative section the foreign students educational problems included weakness in understanding Persian different educational system the professors inappropriate teaching method and dissatisfaction with textbooks In the quantitative section the educational problems were not significant at a 005 level Moreover the students problems in terms of culture and the length of stay in Iran showed significant differences Conclusion: The results of predictor factors of educational problems revealed that cultural dissimilarity and short presence in Iran are the main predictor factors Therefore in order to motivate learning in foreign students and thereby decrease their educational problems it is necessary to familiarize them with Iranian customs and hold classes to introduce them to the Iranian educational system
Original Article
Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh-Abbasi; Gholam Reza Sepehri; Habibeh Ahmadipour; Sina Bakhshaei
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 34-40
Abstract
Background & Objective: Rational prescription of medicine by physicians is one of the most important factors in the correct and complete treatment of patients The aim of this study was to evaluate prescription writing patterns of graduating interns for common illnesses in Kerman University of Medical ...
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Background & Objective: Rational prescription of medicine by physicians is one of the most important factors in the correct and complete treatment of patients The aim of this study was to evaluate prescription writing patterns of graduating interns for common illnesses in Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2013 Methods: In this descriptive crosssectional study the prescription writing pattern of 50 interns of Kerman University of Medical Sciences were evaluated A written exam assessing prescription writing on 30 common clinical cases was held Data were analyzed using SPSS software Results: The average number of items per each prescription was 207 The frequency of medicines prescribed by their generic name and from the World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines was 968% and 971% respectively Drug interaction was observed in 56% of prescriptions The frequency of prescriptions containing antibiotics injectable medicines and corticosteroids was 472% 93% and 65% respectively The most common groups prescribed were antibiotics and analgesics Conclusion: Based on the WHO recommended standards the prescription of antibiotics by interns of Kerman University of Medical Sciences was irrational and inappropriate Therefore educational interventions are necessary to improve prescription writing patterns among interns
Original Article
Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh-Alishahi; Rouholah Mahdiuon; Parisa Zarezadeh; Farougheh Arghadeh
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 41-48
Abstract
Background & Objective: The quantitative development of higher education regardless of quality will lead to undesirable consequences The main clients of universities are students Determination of their perception of educational services quality can provide policy maker with valuable information in ...
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Background & Objective: The quantitative development of higher education regardless of quality will lead to undesirable consequences The main clients of universities are students Determination of their perception of educational services quality can provide policy maker with valuable information in order to improve educational services quality This study was conducted in order to investigate educational services quality based on the SERVQUAL model from the perspective of students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: The statistical population of this study included 3084 students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences In order to perform this descriptivecorrelational study 200 students were randomly selected For data collection the SERVQUAL questionnaire was used This questionnaire consists of five dimensions (tangibility reliability empathy responsiveness and assurance) of educational services quality with 27 questions The validity of the questionnaire was approved through content validity methods and its reliability using Cronbachs alpha coefficient The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one sample ttest Results: The study results indicated students positive evaluation of tangibility responsiveness reliability and empathy dimensions of educational services quality Conclusion: The results showed that in general in all dimensions of educational services quality of service was higher than average The lowest and highest means were observed in the responsiveness and reliability dimensions respectively
Original Article
Mehregan Heidari Hengami; Nadereh Naderi; Behjat Nasery
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 49-60
Abstract
Background & Objective: The educational environment has a fundamental role in the quality and efficiency of education The present study was undertaken to identify the perceptions of students on the educational environment in 4 major clinical wards at teaching hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University ...
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Background & Objective: The educational environment has a fundamental role in the quality and efficiency of education The present study was undertaken to identify the perceptions of students on the educational environment in 4 major clinical wards at teaching hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2014 Methods: In this descriptive crosssectional study educational environment was evaluated using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) Sampling was conducted through census and the study population included all medical students (n = 184) passing their clinical courses in the internal pediatrics surgical obstetrics and gynecology wards in 3 hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukeys tests Results: The mean score achieved from the total 200 scores of the questionnaire was 10483 (524%) Although there was no significant difference between total scores of major clinical wards the pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology wards obtained the highest lowest scores respectively No significant correlation was found between education and gender and the subscales of educational environment A significant difference was observed between major clinical wards in the subscale of teachers (P < 0001) Conclusion: The educational environment at clinical wards was considered as good by students Nevertheless problematic areas exist in all subscales of educational environment The obtained results can be utilized to better understand and resolve educational environment issues in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences
Original Article
Marziyeh Karimi; Bijan Abdollahi; Hasan Reza Zeinabadi; Mohammad Reza Behrangi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 61-74
Abstract
Background & Objective: Having employees with appropriate environmental behaviors and paying attention to their environmental knowledge and training is an important issue especially for industrial companies However the lack of prioritization of this important issue is one of the effective factors ...
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Background & Objective: Having employees with appropriate environmental behaviors and paying attention to their environmental knowledge and training is an important issue especially for industrial companies However the lack of prioritization of this important issue is one of the effective factors in the declining trend of environmental performance improvement of industrial companies Therefore the main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the environmental knowledge of physicians and nurses working at ParseJonoubi Company Iran and propose appropriate methods for their environmental training Methods: This research was a descriptive survey The statistical population included all physicians and nurses working at ParseJonoubi Company from among which 135 individuals were selected through random stratified sampling method and based on the Morgan Table The data collection tool was a researchermade environmental knowledge questionnaire based on the view of Frick et al Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics t independent t Friedman and chisquare tests Results: The knowledge of physicians and nurses in their own view regarding environmental systems was near average (31 and 33 respectively) Physicians and nurses knowledge on environmental action was near average (32) and below average (26) respectively Their knowledge of effectiveness was higher than average (physicians: 38 nurses: 43) Generally physicians estimated their environmental knowledge as slightly higher than average (36) and nurses as nearly average (32) Moreover there was a significant difference between the average of the three aforementioned dimensions of their environmental knowledge and the criterion average In addition there was a significant difference between the average of the three dimensions of environmental knowledge of physicians and nurses They also ranked environmental training methods differently Descriptive statistics and chisquared test showed that 76 subjects (61%) preferred the compulsive environmental training method and 48 subjects (39%) preferred the optional method Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that physicians and nurses working at ParseJonoubi Company felt the need for obtaining generally more environmental knowledge and specifically more actionrelated knowledge Thus it is suggested that the necessary requirements be provided for the environmental training of physicians and nurses working at this company according to each groups preferred training method
Original Article
Zeinab Shabouni; Esmat Nouhi; Maryam Okhovati
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 75-83
Abstract
Background & Objective: Teambased learning (TBL) is an effective method of interpersonal skills training which results in the higher satisfaction of students with learning Moreover cooperative learning results in attainment of problem solving skills resolving of learning issues and critical thinking ...
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Background & Objective: Teambased learning (TBL) is an effective method of interpersonal skills training which results in the higher satisfaction of students with learning Moreover cooperative learning results in attainment of problem solving skills resolving of learning issues and critical thinking Therefore the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of TBL of medical information systems course on academic achievement in postgraduate students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This quasiexperimental interventional study was conducted using pretest and posttest method during two semesters The study population consisted of graduate students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences The participants (30 subjects in the intervention group and 30 in the control group) were selected through census and purposive sampling The subjects were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software Results: All subjects were admitted to the postgraduate program in 2014 The mean age of participants was 29 ± 41 years in the range of 2346 Moreover 550% of the participants were women and 617% were single and living in the dormitory The mean critical thinking score before and after the intervention was 262 ± 2876 and 271 ± 249; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0013) A statistical significant difference was observed between the mean total score of students in the intervention and control groups (P = 0001) Conclusion: The results illustrate that TBL is more effective in the increasing of training skills communication techniques critical thinking and satisfaction among students in comparison to the lecture method These results illustrate the students tendency toward active and cooperative learning in comparison to traditional unilateral and passive teaching methods TBL is effective in promoting critical thinking and academic achievement among students in comparison with conventional methods
Brief report
Mitra Hannani; Hamideh Khoramabadi; Mahla Rastgar; Masoud Motalebi-Kashani
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 84-91
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluation of curriculum content is one of the main responsibilities of universities The graduates occupational competency to provide appropriate services to society depends on the achievement of education goals This study was carried out to verifying the compliance of curriculum ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluation of curriculum content is one of the main responsibilities of universities The graduates occupational competency to provide appropriate services to society depends on the achievement of education goals This study was carried out to verifying the compliance of curriculum content of the BSc course in occupational health with performance aspects expected of graduates working in Kashan Iran in 2013 Methods: This crosssectional descriptive study was carried out on 56 occupational health course graduates working in Kashan The subjects were selected randomly An authordeveloped questionnaire was used to collect data on the performance aspect of the curriculum content of this course Data were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods Results: The application of the content of specialized courses and foundation courses in the workplace were high and moderate respectively The content of 711% of foundation courses and 300% of specialized courses were scientific knowledge Moreover the content of 157% of foundation courses and 545% of specialized courses were practical skills Ergonomics course had the highest application in practical skills and the management course had the lowest application in scientific knowledge The graduates expressed partial satisfaction with the course curriculum Conclusion: The curriculum content of the occupational health course is somewhat consistent with occupational requirements of its graduates However this does not seem sufficient Regular revision and modification of the occupational health curriculum in accordance with occupational requirements of its graduates is necessary
Letter to editor
Abbas Aghaei Afshar; Seyed Hassan Eftekhar Vaghefi; Hossein Safizadeh
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 92-95
Letter to editor
فرشته عراقیان مجرد; اکرم ثناگو; لیلا جویباری
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 96-97
Letter to editor
مریم پور صادق فر; علیرضا نیک سرشت
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 98-100
Commentary
منصور درویشی تفویضی; نوید کلانی
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 101-102
Abstract
رشد چشمگیر چاپ و نشر مقالات علمی محققین ایرانی در مجلات داخلی و بین المللی نشانگر نگاه ویژه جامعه علمی کشور به توسعه و پیشرفت دانش است افزایش کیفیت مقالات علمی نکته ای ...
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رشد چشمگیر چاپ و نشر مقالات علمی محققین ایرانی در مجلات داخلی و بین المللی نشانگر نگاه ویژه جامعه علمی کشور به توسعه و پیشرفت دانش است افزایش کیفیت مقالات علمی نکته ای ضروری و با اهمیت می باشد در همین راستا نقد مقاله نیز یکی از راه های افزایش کیفیت مقالات و رفع ابهام از برخی مطالعات می باشد مقالهای با عنوان بررسی دیدگاه دانشجویان پزشکی و دندان پزشکی نسبت به رشته تحصیلی قبل و بعد از ورود به بخش های بالینی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان در دوره 12 شماره 3 چاپ شده است(1) در مقالات علمی، نقد دقیق و سازمانیافته می تواند به اثربخشی محتوای پژوهشی کمک شایانی نماید از سوی دیگر باید بیان کرد که یکی از ابزارهای مناسب ارزشیابی اطلاعات پدیده نقد است که سبب میشود تا میزان اختلالهای اطلاعاتی کاهش یابد(2) خواندن نقدهای منتشر شده سبب افزایش درک و ارتقاء توانایی مخاطبان و زمینه ساز بهبود کیفیت مقالات منتشر شده در مجلات می گردد(3) در حقیقت مجله گامهای توسعه در آموزش پزشکی فرصتی را برای محققین جهت فراگیری نوشتن مقاله و رعایت اصول نگارش علمی فراهم میسازد نقدهای منتشر شده نکات بسیار مفید و کاربردی در خصوص نگارش مقاله داشته و تأثیر بسیار مفیدی بر روند گزارش مقالات دارد(4) بنابراین ضمن احترام به گروه نویسندگان و تیم محترم داوری، بر آن شدیم که ابهامات موجود در مقاله مذکور را در جهت افزایش کیفیت مقالات آتی و کاهش خطای نویسندگان و محققین جوان کشور، ذکر و بررسی نماییم لذا نوشته حاضر به منزله ی زیر سوال رفتن کار پژوهشگران نیست، بلکه فرصتی برای ارتقای دانش محققین در زمینه ی مقاله نویسی و کارهای پژوهشی می باشد و بیشتر رویکرد آموزشی دارد در قسمت یافته ها اشاره ای به ذکر p value نشده است به نظر می رسد که لازم است در روش تحقیق این مساله مشخص شود که شرکت کنندگان در تحقیق پرسشنامه را چه مدت قبل و بعد از آزمون جامع علوم پایه تکمیل نموده اند چرا که اگر فاصله چندانی میان زمان تکمیل پرسشنامه قبل و بعد از آزمون علوم پایه نباشد؛ نتایج پژوهش نیز تفاوت چندانی نخواهد داشت برای این منظور پژوهشگر می توانست حداقل گزینه ترم تحصیلی را نیز در اطلاعات دموگرافیک اضافه نماید در روش کار 31 سوال در 5 حیطه وجود داشته است که پژوهشگر محترم در طیف لیکرت به کاملاً مخالفم= نمره 1 و کاملا موافقم نمره 5 داده است که نویسنده محترم حداکثر امتیاز را 160 محاسبه کرده است، در صورتی که حداقل امتیاز 31و حداکثر امتیاز 155 می شود نویسنده محترم اذعان کردهاند که 9 سؤال در خصوص محیط آموزش، 4 سؤال درباره کاربردی بودن رشته تحصیلی، 10 سؤال در مورد جذابیت رشته تحصیلی، 5 سؤال در مورد آینده شغلی و 5 سؤال درباره جایگاه اجتماعی بوده است، و نمره بندی را طبق طیف لیکرت بدین صورت محاسبه نموده اند: حیطه آموزش محیط 45 امتیاز، حیطه آینده شغلی 45 امتیاز، حیطه کاربردی بودن رشته تحصیلی 20امتیاز، حیطه جایگاه اجتماعی 25 امتیاز و حیطه جذابیت تحصیلی 25 امتیاز داشت، این در حالی است که طبق سوالات هر حیطه که نمرهدهی در حیطه آموزش با 9 سوال=45، کاربردی بودن رشته تحصیلی با 4 سوال =20، جذابیت رشته تحصیلی با 10 سوال 50، آینده شغلی با 5 سوال 25 و جایگاه اجتماعی با 5 سوال 25 می باشد این مقاله که به صورت مقطعی بوده است حاوی اطلاعات بسیار مفید و کاربردی برای مسئولین در حیطه های آموزش پزشکی است و می تواند بسیار کاربردی باشد و با توجه به غنای این مقاله جای تقدیر و تشکر دارد؛ اما ابهامات مذکور باعث کاهش کیفیت مطالعه می گردد امیدواریم با نگارش مقالات طبق اصول علمی و دقت بیشتر داوران مقالات در هنگام بررسی، بر بهبود کیفیت مطالعات انجام شده افزوده شود
Commentary
عصمت نوحی; علی اکبر حقدوست; افسانه محمدی
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 103-103
Abstract
احتراماً ضمن تشکر از حضرتعالی در انتقال نظرات یکی از خوانندگان محترم مقاله مذکور، در پاسخ به انتقادات بیان شده موارد ذیل به حضورتان اعلام می گردد: موارد یاد شده در خصوص ...
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احتراماً ضمن تشکر از حضرتعالی در انتقال نظرات یکی از خوانندگان محترم مقاله مذکور، در پاسخ به انتقادات بیان شده موارد ذیل به حضورتان اعلام می گردد: موارد یاد شده در خصوص نمرات و سوالات هر حیطه مطابقت دارد و اعداد آن در متن اصلاح شده است این آزمون شش ماه پس از ورود به بخش های بالینی که دانشجو زمان لازم در مورد آشنایی با بخش را در اختیار داشته باشد، انجام شده است در پایان لازم می دانم از حضرتعالی که امکان بحث دو طرفه علمی را فراهم میآورید و همینطور از خواننده محترم که انتقاداتشان نشانه نگاه دقیق ایشان بوده است، تشکر نمایم
Viewpoint
شیما طباطبایی; سید امیر محسن ضیایی; ناصر سیم فروش
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 104-106
Viewpoint
Amin Beigzadeh; Fariba Haghani
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2016, Pages 107-113
