Masoumeh Mangeli; Sakineh Sabzevari; Esmat Noohi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, , Pages 292-306
Abstract
Background & Objective: In recent decades there have been substantial changes in the design and delivery of medical education in congruence with the higher demand for improved professional competencies of medical graduates Taskbased learning is an integrated system and a multidisciplinary ...
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Background & Objective: In recent decades there have been substantial changes in the design and delivery of medical education in congruence with the higher demand for improved professional competencies of medical graduates Taskbased learning is an integrated system and a multidisciplinary teaching and learning approach In taskbased learning the focus of learning is a set of tasks addressed by a doctor in clinical practice In this method subjects are taught through the performance of tasks and understanding of concepts and mechanisms underlying the tasks The aim of this study was to review articles on taskbased learning in medical education Methods: Electronic databases and publishers such as ScienceDirect PubMed Scopus Google Scholar SID and Magiran were reviewed in 2014 All articles on taskbased learning in medical education without consideration of publication date were collected Studies which had the inclusion criteria (relevant to the field of medicine having objectives method sample size analysis a specific conclusion and availability of the full text) were selected In total 10 qualitative quantitative or mixed studies were selected for analysis Results: Although taskbased learning had been used in different levels and situations evidence suggested that in comparison to the traditional training method it has more efficiency and effectiveness Taskbased learning is an important tool in medical education with positive effects on faculty members students and patients Conclusion: This study has shown that taskbased learning is a powerful educational strategy and has been accepted as an appropriate tool in teaching and learning activities in most medical schools Therefore it is recommended for the promotion of knowledge skills and professional competency
Abbas Heydari; Mostafa Rad; Mohammad Reza Ghasemi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, , Pages 366-376
Abstract
Background & Objective: One of factors influencing students academic achievement is academic engagement The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive investigation on conceptual dimensions of academic engagement and the factors affecting it Methods: A comprehensive search of ...
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Background & Objective: One of factors influencing students academic achievement is academic engagement The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive investigation on conceptual dimensions of academic engagement and the factors affecting it Methods: A comprehensive search of literature published during 20012014 was performed using Persian and English databases including Magiran SID Scopus and PubMed As a result 190 texts were obtained After a close study 22 papers with the keywords of student engagement and academic engagement time were selected Selection criteria were the existence of any dimension of the concept of academic engagement and factors affecting it in the paper Results: After assessing 22 articles the dimensions of academic engagement concept and its influencing factors were made clear Academic engagement consists of the educational behavioral cognitive and psychological dimensions Factors which affect academic engagement are the education institutions characteristics teaching methods servicebased learning technology and various levels of academic engagement Conclusion: Through the recognition of dimensions of academic engagement and by applying factors that influence students academic engagement the wasting of their time and energy can be prevented and a valuable work force can be developed Since university engagement has been less studied in medical sciences in our country it is recommended that qualitative and quantitative research be performed in this field
Roghayeh Gandomkar; Batool Amini
Volume 12, Supplement , July 2015, , Pages 209-218
Abstract
Background & Objective: In recent years, with increasing awareness of limitations of traditional assessment methods in the measurement of learner capabilities, assessment methods have undergone many changes. This survey addresses the extent to which educational departments in Tehran University of ...
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Background & Objective: In recent years, with increasing awareness of limitations of traditional assessment methods in the measurement of learner capabilities, assessment methods have undergone many changes. This survey addresses the extent to which educational departments in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, use various student assessment methods.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted using a researcher developed tool to gather information about student assessment methods in 2012. Based on Miller’s pyramid of assessment, common student assessment methods were classified into written and oral assessment, clinical reasoning assessment, clinical skills assessment, and workplace-based assessment. Study sample consisted of all educational departments. Sampling was performed using the census method, which determined the use or lack of use of each method of assessment at different educational levels. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The response rate was 70.43%; 81 of 115 departments completed the questionnaire. The most frequently used methods by departments were written and oral exams. Among them, the multiple choice test was the most widely applied assessment method. Patient management problem (PMP) was the most broadly used method to assess clinical reasoning. Moreover, among clinical skills assessment, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was the most commonly applied method in medical clinical courses.
Conclusion: Graduates of medical universities must acquire capabilities far beyond the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, but assessment methods used by departments do not necessarily assess their capabilities. The results of this study emphasize the need for the revision of medical student assessment programs.
Hossein Karimi Moonaghi; Roza Montazeri
Volume 11, Issue 4 , February 2015, , Pages 420-433
Abstract
Background & Objective: For greater success of the discipline of medical education and recognition of its weaknesses and strengths performing a comparative study and utilizing the experiences of successful universities is necessary This study was performed to compare the elements of the curricula ...
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Background & Objective: For greater success of the discipline of medical education and recognition of its weaknesses and strengths performing a comparative study and utilizing the experiences of successful universities is necessary This study was performed to compare the elements of the curricula of medical education discipline in the universities of Dundee (Scotland) Calgary (Canada) and Maastricht (Holland) with Iran Methods: Data were gathered by searching university websites and communicating with them The 3 universities of Dundee Calgary and Maastricht which had a high ranking in the medical education major were selected as the study sample The research model used in this study was the Beredy model that specifies the four stages of description interpretation proximity and comparison in comparative studies Results: The universities of Dundee Calgary and Maastricht in stating the general characteristics of curriculum have clearly focused on education in the field of medical sciences Elements of mission vision and value were not observed in their curricula In the universities of Dundee and Maastricht educational strategies and the reason for their application and the manner of course presentation had been explained All 3 universities enrolled bachelor students The course of research in education was emphasized by all universities Conclusion: Based on this comparative study the curriculum of medical education in Iran seems complete and comprehensive However for quality improvement the revision of goals and strategies of the discipline is necessary Moreover the presentation of courses in two forms of virtual and traditional education admission of bachelor (BSc) students replacement of compensatory course with prerequisite courses and emphasizing of research method in education courses are recommended
Fariba Haghani; Maryam Ehsani; Soheila Jafari Mianaei
Volume 11, Issue 2 , August 2014, , Pages 272-279
Abstract
Background & Objective: Simulation is an educational technique which through providing whole or part of a clinical experience helps students to learn without being afraid of either their personal weaknesses or hurting the patient during interaction Manipulation of medical education is widely ...
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Background & Objective: Simulation is an educational technique which through providing whole or part of a clinical experience helps students to learn without being afraid of either their personal weaknesses or hurting the patient during interaction Manipulation of medical education is widely being spread all over the world and this can be due to various factors such as technological improvements ethical issues relating to practicing clinical skills crowdedness of clinical environments for educational purposes illness severity in most patients drop in the length of patients stay in the hospitals shortage of specialized staff in hospitals to facilitate educational process and so on Methods: The current study has reviewed existing books library references papers and essays available in different scientific databases using keywords of “simulation” “medical education” and “clinical skills” Results: Simulation offers several advantages including increase in patients safety reinforcement of interactive learning and studentcentered improvement in problemsolving abilities and critical thinking skills and selfpaced learning Despite all the abovementioned benefits the point is that due to the high costs of simulation equipment as well as improper cost management policies particularly in educational centers several studies should be run to analyze outcomes of manipulation of different simulators on students learning and then based on the efficiency of the simulators the proper ones be used for educational purposes in clinical environments
Abbas Heydari; Mostafa Rad
Volume 10, Issue 4 , February 2014, , Pages 459-466
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluation of methodological research reports increases the trust by the readers and users from application of results This paper aimed to verify the accuracy of methodology in medical education interventional articles published in approved domestic journals ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluation of methodological research reports increases the trust by the readers and users from application of results This paper aimed to verify the accuracy of methodology in medical education interventional articles published in approved domestic journals Methods: This crosssectional study was used with a broad literature review in medical education interventional articles published in approved domestic journals by a review of medical journals archives and search databases Thirty articles archived and its methodological accuracy was evaluated by special forms The reliability of the study was confirmed with internal consistency and its validity has been confirmed in previous studies Results: Over 90% of the suitability of the design was appropriate Inclusive and exclusive criteria of subjects were found only in 268% of the cases Blindness in 70% of the cases was observed The reliability and validity of the instrument were not found in 667% of the cases Fallow up length was not determined in 70% and informed consent was not obtained in 80% of the subjects Conclusion: There was inaccuracy in cases such as the instruments reliability and validity sample selection blindness groups matching etc Journal writers are recommended to pay more attention to accuracy of research methodology in publishing medical education interventional articles
Mostafa Shokohi; Ali Akbar Haghdost; Reza Majdzadeh; Forough Reiani
Volume 10, Issue 2 , August 2013, , Pages 175-183
Abstract
Background & Objective: Educational influentials (EIs) are individuals who can positively influence their peers These individuals play a key role in knowledge transfer and knowledge translation process Having knowledge of their characteristics is very important in detecting these people There is ...
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Background & Objective: Educational influentials (EIs) are individuals who can positively influence their peers These individuals play a key role in knowledge transfer and knowledge translation process Having knowledge of their characteristics is very important in detecting these people There is a paucity of information in the medical field especially in nursing regarding this context The aim of this study was to find the main features of an EI nurse in a local hospital setting Methods: This research was a qualitative study that was performed by a focus group discussion (FGD) method Sixteen nurses who worked in Afzalipour Hospital affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran were selected The main question was “when you face a clinical problem who do you consult with for the answer?” which meant “what kind of characteristics does this person have?” The content of the interview was recorded and analyzed by content analyses method after documentation and finally main themes and their subcategories were obtained Results : The main characteristics of EL nurses were classified as following: high knowledge communicative skills decisionmaking humanistic behaviors and clinical experience and skills Conclusion: Apart from clinical experience and skills the other characteristics identified for EI nurses were obtained in other studies The new feature that is explored in this study may indicate the fact that clinical skills and experiences have an important role among nurses
Morteza Karami; Somayeh Ebrahimi Kooshk Mahdi
Volume 10, Issue 2 , August 2013, , Pages 184-199
Abstract
Background & Objective: The aim of this article was to explore the use of new information and communication technology (ICT) in medical education in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences as a single case study Methods : The research method was descriptive The study population consisted of students ...
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Background & Objective: The aim of this article was to explore the use of new information and communication technology (ICT) in medical education in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences as a single case study Methods : The research method was descriptive The study population consisted of students and faculty member of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Iran Stratified sampling was used to investigate information technology in academic environments To investigate the ideal situation a random sampling method was applied Questionnaires observation survey and other methods were used to study ICT in higher education Results : There was a significant difference significantly higher than the mean between ICT use and the ideal condition in some cases and lower than the mean in others (P < 001) In some cases the difference was not significant which showed the moderate use of ICT The use of ICT is mainly in areas such as Word However its other possibilities like communication are not used Both groups had a positive attitude toward ICT and assessed their skills as moderate (P < 001) Conclusion : Results indicated a significant positive relationship between these three variables in both groups (P < 001) The ideal situation according to teachers and students included ICT training online library and improving infrastructure particularly internet speed They believed the main challenges to be their lack of skills educational policy and financial managerial cultural and infrastructural issues
Maryam Okhovati; Halimeh Sadeghi; Reza Shojaei
Volume 10, Issue 2 , August 2013, , Pages 200-210
Abstract
Background & Objective: Knowledge maps graphically draw a branch of science and help to describe it more precisely This research was conducted to study the scientific productivity and collaborative coefficient of medical education authors during 20022011 Methods: This descriptive study was done using ...
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Background & Objective: Knowledge maps graphically draw a branch of science and help to describe it more precisely This research was conducted to study the scientific productivity and collaborative coefficient of medical education authors during 20022011 Methods: This descriptive study was done using scientometric techniques The papers indexed in Web of Science were searched using medical education keywords The retrieved records were entered into Excel and HistCite Citation analysis techniques were used and the map was drawn Results: The rate of productivity was 28% 10123 retrieved records were published in 1506 journals and most were published in Medical Education Journal 5791 educational institutes contributed to publishing papers Van der Vleuten published more papers than other authors The collaborative coefficient was moderate 122 countries contributed to publishing these papers and USA was the most active country Finally 5 clusters were identified including learning methods in medical education job depression the effect of working hour reduction on health services evaluation of professional competency in medical education and the relationship between medical sciences and industry Conclusion: Medical education follows an ascending trend in scientific productivity The results of the current study can be used in future planning and help this field to improve
Ali Poor Amiri; Ghodsieh Khalili; Mostafa Shokoohi
Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 1-12
Abstract
Background & Objective: Evaluating students ability in diagnosing and treating patients after graduation has been recognized as a priority for medical education The aim of this study is to evaluate students ability after graduation from Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran in diagnosing and ...
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Background & Objective: Evaluating students ability in diagnosing and treating patients after graduation has been recognized as a priority for medical education The aim of this study is to evaluate students ability after graduation from Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran in diagnosing and treating orthopedic problems Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study carried out on 115 graduated general practitioners of 20012006 academic year In this study to evaluate the competency of general practitioners graduated from KUMS in musculoskeletal medicine participants were asked to complete a standard questionnaire with 36 questions in 9 domains Results: The total competency of the studied people was 65% The highest competency level was related to the domains of treatment of fractures and dislocation the initial treatment of open fractures and diagnosis of fracture and dislocation (80% 77% and 73% respectively) The lowest competency level was related to the domains of congenital deformity of feet musculoskeletal system tumors and congenital dislocation of the hip (47% 50% and 52% respectively) No difference was observed between men and women in the mentioned domains Conclusion: The results of our study revealed that in general the competency of graduated physicians was average Accordingly it is recommended that universities recognize weaknesses of graduated general practitioners according to a compiled program Moreover annual education programs can prevent more problems from occurring in the work setting and higher levels of education of these general practitioners
Bibi Eshrat i Zaman; Hasan Babri
Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 95-108
Abstract
Background & Objective: Medical education institutions have always been looking for training methods that have high efficiency and effectiveness Thus the present study has been carried out with the aim of identifying the application of blended learning based on the SWOT pattern in Isfahan University ...
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Background & Objective: Medical education institutions have always been looking for training methods that have high efficiency and effectiveness Thus the present study has been carried out with the aim of identifying the application of blended learning based on the SWOT pattern in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Methods: This was mixed methods and exploratory research The statistical population consisted of all the faculty members students and IT professionals For the samples 39 were selected from faculty members and 102 from students according to stratified random sampling for quantitative research and 10 from IT professionals according to purposive sampling to be interviewed The instruments for collecting data in the quantitative part were the researchermade questionnaire and in the qualitative part the deep semistructured interview Results: The results of the study showed that the areas of weakness and strength in the internal dimension and in the opportunities and threats in the external dimension were statistically significant The views in the area of strengths were similar however they had significant differences in other areas Moreover the advantages and opportunities have been more than disadvantages and threats of blended learning outlook Conclusion: Despite the weaknesses and threats of the blended learning method all participants in this study were optimistic of the prospects of this method in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Azam Meyari; Mahdi Beiglarkhani
Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 109-118
Abstract
Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the effect of presenting feedback on improvement of multiple choice questions (MCQ) design in annual residency exams Methods: In this semiexperimental study the structure and taxonomy in MCQs of annual residency exams in 2009 were analyzed ...
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Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the effect of presenting feedback on improvement of multiple choice questions (MCQ) design in annual residency exams Methods: In this semiexperimental study the structure and taxonomy in MCQs of annual residency exams in 2009 were analyzed through Millmans checklist Based on this data an interventional feedback on strengths and weaknesses was presented to question designers who had experience of attending MCQ workshops and designing questions in the past The principles of giving technical feedback in medical education such as objectivity right timing and being direct respectful and without judgment were considered After the annual residency exam in 2010 the questions of designers in both years were compared in respect to Millmans principals and taxonomy before and after the intervention Results: From 2500 questions 2035 questions were entered into the study 652% of the questions developed in 2009 had no structural flaw this increased to 828% after the intervention which was a significant difference (P < 0001) Moreover there was a significant increase in the percentage of questions with a high taxonomy from 38% in 2009 to 531% in 2010 (P < 0001) Conclusion: Giving interventional feedback based on its techniques in medical education to experienced designers of MCQs can affect the improvement of designing quality of questions
Mohammadreza Amiresmaili; Mahmood Nekoei Moghadam; Mahmood Moosazadeh; Elaheh Pahlavan
Volume 9, Issue 2 , January 2013, , Pages 118-131
Abstract
Background & Objective: According to some evidences medical graduates do not evaluate their skills and capabilities to perform professional responsibilities at an acceptable level In other words there is a disagreement among authorities and experts of medical education in this regard This study aimed ...
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Background & Objective: According to some evidences medical graduates do not evaluate their skills and capabilities to perform professional responsibilities at an acceptable level In other words there is a disagreement among authorities and experts of medical education in this regard This study aimed to survey the challenges of general physicianeducation system in Iran Methods: This applied study was carried out by qualitative method A purposeful sample of 23 informants participated in the study Semistructured interview was applied for data collection and Data were analyzed using framework method Results A total of 23 subthemes classified under 6 major themes were identified Major themes included strategies of general practice education structural issues incomprehensiveness of courses and curriculum educational fields educational problems and resources Conclusion: Due to several issues the effectiveness of general physicianeducation in Iran is faced with serious challenges Incompatibility of education with real needs of the community is one of the most important issues Therefore generalphysician education should move toward becoming more practical and empowering medical students to manage health centers should be taken into account in a systematic and efficient manner
Mahmood Nejabat; Mohammad Hashem Hashempur; Mojtaba Heydari; Mitra Amini
Volume 9, Issue 2 , January 2013, , Pages 191-197
Abstract
Background & Objective: Due to increasing rate of medical knowledge volume and depth introducing new tasks and roles for general practitioners and restriction of time and resources in medical education it is essential to follow educational priorities especially in teaching medical doctors The aim ...
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Background & Objective: Due to increasing rate of medical knowledge volume and depth introducing new tasks and roles for general practitioners and restriction of time and resources in medical education it is essential to follow educational priorities especially in teaching medical doctors The aim of this study was to determine the conformity of educational programs of ophthalmology department in Shiraz school of medicine Shiraz Iran with the required educational priorities in medical doctor (MD) curriculum Methods: In this research we focused on two aspects of theoretical education of ophthalmology theoretical classes and final examinations First the topic discussed in the class or asked in final examinations was determined and its priority was graded according to a grading scale of A to D used in comprehensive study of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Iran Then after calculating sum of priorities the rate of conformity with the expected priorities was determined using chisquare test Results : In both theoretical classes and final examinations significant difference was observed between educational materials and the expected educational priorities (P < 005) Conclusion: In some cases the priority “A” had been paid less attention and priorities “B” “C” and “D” had been paid more attention than the expected rates Since the priorities considered in this study were based on those in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences comprehensive study that is approved by faculty members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences revision of the educational priorities seems to be required
Mitra Amini; Mohammad Mahdi Sagheb; Javad Kojuri; Rita Rezaei; Mohammad Kazem Serajzadeh; Vahid Keshtkar; Korosh Azizi; Parisa Nabeiei
Volume 9, Issue 1 , July 2012, , Pages 46-57
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Each country needs strategies and longterm plans for achieving its objectives This issue is of a great importance in our country (Iran) as the hope of all world Moslem population Twenty year vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran along with comprehensive scientific map prepared ...
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Background & Objectives: Each country needs strategies and longterm plans for achieving its objectives This issue is of a great importance in our country (Iran) as the hope of all world Moslem population Twenty year vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran along with comprehensive scientific map prepared by experts in different scientific fields can help our country to achieve longterm objectives of the development The main aim of the present study was to determine sub activities of medical education fields in health scientific map from the viewpoints of experts in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2011 Methods: In this qualitative study performed as focus group discussion eight faculty members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected based on their professional experience in each of the domains of comprehensive scientific map in health sector The study was performed in ten sessions in which the required activities and subactivities in each domain were determined by participants Then data were summarized classified and prioritized for each domain Results : Based on the experts viewpoints the main sub activities in each domain were as follow: Educational equity: need assessment for human resources and curriculum review Faculties: revising organizational chart and improving faculties capabilities Implementing systematic evaluation: evaluation of students and professors based on standards Improvement of students scientific level: implementing a comprehensive encouraging system and socialbased education Developing interuniversity collaboration: university independence Extending knowledge and technology boundaries: implementing evidencebased medicine in the university Quantitative and qualitative improvement of staff: modifying organizational chart of Vice Chancellor for Education Implementing clinical governance system: establishing program designing committee based on the 6item clinical governance principles Financial: improving budget chart Conclusion: Continuous programming by University managers is required to set operational planning based on the above mentioned priorities
Atefeh Ghanbari; Fariba Asgari; Mahdokhat Taheri
Volume 8, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 159-166
Abstract
Background & Objectives: In the world of information technology tendency toward using electronic learning as a novel learning style is increasing The contribution to electronic learning is dependent on the knowledge and attitude of faculty members toward this issue The aim of this study was to find ...
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Background & Objectives: In the world of information technology tendency toward using electronic learning as a novel learning style is increasing The contribution to electronic learning is dependent on the knowledge and attitude of faculty members toward this issue The aim of this study was to find the knowledge and attitude of faculty members in Guilan University of Medical Sciences toward electronic learning Methods: In this descriptive crosssectional study by using census sampling all faculty members in Guilan University of Medical Sciences were studied of whom 220 ones eventually responded to the questionnaire Data collection instrument was a questionnaire consisted of 4 sections of demographic features (5 questions) computer knowledge (6 questions) attitudetesting items (10 questions based on Likert scale) and questions related to the facilities (8 yes/no questions) Competency (9 questions) Content validity and reliability were determined by α cronbach Data analysis was performed by SPSS 16 software package Results: The majority of respondents had sufficient knowledge (683%) and positive attitude (894%) From all 695% asserted that they have the required computer skills but 95% said that they do not have enough facilities in home and university for using electronic sources Conclusion : Positive attitude of faculty members toward electronic learning requires implementation of continuous education programs for faculty members in order to improve their knowledge about information technology and uptodate electronic learning skills
Mitra Gharib; Mohammad Reza Sarmadi; Issa Ebrahimzadeh; Hossein Zare; Amir Hossein Emami; Atoosa Gharib
Volume 8, Issue 1 , July 2011, , Pages 22-32
Abstract
Background & Objective: As enrollment in virtual online courses continues to grow one of the stakeholders concerns is the enhancement of critical thinking in students This study was performed in order to answer this core question: what are the barriers and facilitating factors of critical thinking ...
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Background & Objective: As enrollment in virtual online courses continues to grow one of the stakeholders concerns is the enhancement of critical thinking in students This study was performed in order to answer this core question: what are the barriers and facilitating factors of critical thinking in virtual environment? Methods: This qualitative study is part of a mixed qualitative and quantitative study performed for developing the process of teaching critical thinking in virtual medical education program in which 7 eteachers and 11 postgraduate estudents (out of a total of 12 students) of virtual medical education discipline were investigated Data were gathered using a semistructured questionnaire All interviews were taperecorded transcribed and then analyzed using Strauss and Corbins constant comparative method Results: Participants had a variety of experiences about critical thinking improvement that were conceptualized in three major themes of: belief system including personal beliefs and aspects that are considered as constant during a short time period educational management including factors that can be manipulated by the educational leaders and critical thinking in virtual environment including motivating and limiting factors of critical thinking Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the barriers and facilitating factors of enhancing critical thinking in virtual environment Teachers educational planners and leaders can use the results of this study in order to improve their virtual programs and students critical thinking
Hasan Joolaee; Mahvash Alizadeh; Mohammad Hossein Fallahzadeh; Ali Baseri; Mehrab Sayadi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , January 2011, , Pages 92-98
Abstract
Background & Objective : Medical education provides an opportunity to train individuals for patient care Evaluation of physicians capabilities as an important part of each educational system can reflect the efficacy of Medical education curriculum and also continuous educational programs The aim ...
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Background & Objective : Medical education provides an opportunity to train individuals for patient care Evaluation of physicians capabilities as an important part of each educational system can reflect the efficacy of Medical education curriculum and also continuous educational programs The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical skills of family physicians in Fars/Iran by using Observed Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) Methods : In this cross sectional study from a total of 320 physicians employed in the family physician project of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 79 physicians were selected by systematic sampling and participated in 19 designed stations Data were gathered by a structured questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability Correlation tests and ttest with significant level of 005 were used for data analysis Results : From 79 participants 49 ones (62%) were male The total OSCE score was 190 and the acquired mean score by participants was 113±15 There was a significant relationship between OSCE score and participants gender (0004) while no significant relationship was observed between OSCE score and variables of graduation place and employment status Conclusion : Poor capability of family physicians in providing good health care services requires several interventions for improving their clinical skills
Nozar Nakhaee; Ali Reza Saeed
Volume 7, Issue 2 , January 2011, , Pages 99-103
Abstract
Background & Objective : The 360degree evaluation method is used to assess residents performance by means other than attends opinions Resident evaluation instruments such as questionnaires for 360degree assessment should be feasible reliable and valid The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility ...
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Background & Objective : The 360degree evaluation method is used to assess residents performance by means other than attends opinions Resident evaluation instruments such as questionnaires for 360degree assessment should be feasible reliable and valid The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and psychometric properties of the 360degree assessment questionnaires Methods : At first questionnaires were developed based on an extensive literature review and expert panel Sixitem questionnaires were distributed to a consecutive sample of residents (self & peers) medical students nurses and patients Mean scores of respondents in each category were calculated Cronbachs alpha was computed to examine the internal consistency Factor analysis was used to clarify the factoral structure of the data Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to examine the correlation between the evaluators scores Results : Except for faculty members and to some extent patients all evaluators completed the questionnaires The cronbachs alpha for all of the five instruments were above 095 Content validity was acceptable according to the literature reviews and expert panel Factor analysis revealed all six items loaded on a single factor A majority (80%) of correlation coefficients were not significant for evaluators scores Conclusion : Based on this pilot study 360degree assessment tools are feasible reliable and valid measures to evaluate core competencies of residents
Roghaieh Ershad Sarabi; Tahereh Eslami Nejad; Hajar Shafian
Volume 7, Issue 2 , January 2011, , Pages 119-126
Abstract
Background & Objective : Since evidencebased decision making is among essential issues in medical education it is expected that educational policy makers use the results of researches for improving the quality of health care services In this study Iranian journals of Medical Education were investigated ...
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Background & Objective : Since evidencebased decision making is among essential issues in medical education it is expected that educational policy makers use the results of researches for improving the quality of health care services In this study Iranian journals of Medical Education were investigated to determine the most frequent topics discussed in this field Methods : In this cross sectional study a total of 483 articles in three Iranian journals of Medical Education from 2000 to 2008 were investigated and their data including authors abstract subject research type and the involved university were entered in EXCEL for content analysis Results : form the 483 articles 8% (n=38) belonged to the Journal of Strides in Development of Medical Education published in Kerman University of Medical Sciences 60% (n=290) appeared in the Iranian journal of medical education published by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and 32% (n=155) were in journal of Medical Education published by Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The most frequent topics were respectively educational management (159 articles 33%) and teaching methods (128 articles 265%) while the least frequent topic (10 articles 21%) was communication skills Conclusion : Research priority in medical education should be considered
Mitra Amini; Mohammad Reza Dehghani; Javad Kojuri; Gholam Reza Safaee Ardekani; Mohammad Mehdi Sagheb; Mahboobeh Saber; Leila Bazrafcan; Zahra Karimian
Volume 6, Issue 2 , January 2010, , Pages 185-188
Abstract
Background & Objective : The importance of considering general trainings of students and gaining updated knowledge together with curriculum overload and large volume of lessons especially in medicine necessitate presenting most of the students educational needs in form of short term courses ...
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Background & Objective : The importance of considering general trainings of students and gaining updated knowledge together with curriculum overload and large volume of lessons especially in medicine necessitate presenting most of the students educational needs in form of short term courses Hence this study aimed to assess the participants point of view about the first national interdisciplinary summer school regarding achievement of educational objectives in Shiraz Methods : In overall 63 students from 13 universities of medical sciences participated in this course The topics were divided into four major groups including medical education medical ethics management ingenuity and creativity with their subgroups They were discussed in 83 issues during 100 working hours using lectures and other active educational methods Results : According to the students point of view the highest educational efficiency belonged to medical education and then to ingenuity and creativity More than 90% of executers mentioned that achieving educational objectives in each subgroup was very good or excellent According to the evaluation the mean score ( ± SD) of the programs executers and lecturers was 1897( ± 118) out of 20 Conclusion : Considering the effectiveness of this program continuing such a program allocating resources and developing them should be noticed in all universities
Abbas Bazargan
Volume 6, Issue 1 , July 2009, , Pages 81-88
Abstract
Background: Quality of higher education has been drawing more attention over the past two decades Hence concerted efforts have been increasingly made to assess and improve higher education quality worldwide Some of these attempts have led to establishing local national and international organizations ...
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Background: Quality of higher education has been drawing more attention over the past two decades Hence concerted efforts have been increasingly made to assess and improve higher education quality worldwide Some of these attempts have led to establishing local national and international organizations for assessment and accreditation Based on the above this study is discussing the answer to the question concerning “To what extent attempts towards quality assessment in Iran have been directed to establish a national agency for assessment and accreditation?” To address this question first ground breaking experiences experience of Iran in this regard are described Then international experiences and challenges of building a national quality assessment and accreditation in higher education system in general and in medical education in particular are reviewed Finally perspectives of establishing Iranian Universities Quality Network are analyzed Conclusion : Institution building in assessment and accreditation would help strengthening of ownership of quality assurance in faculty members as a result continuous quality assessment and improvement of higher education would become an integral part of higher education system
Kayghobad Tahernezhad; Fatemeh Javidan
Volume 5, Issue 1 , July 2008, , Pages 58-70
Abstract
Background: Assessment of clinical competencies is one of the complicated and hard tasks in medical education Nowadays assessment of clinical performance is significantly patient centered and student centered Traditional methods consisted of faculties observations oral examinations and multiplechoice ...
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Background: Assessment of clinical competencies is one of the complicated and hard tasks in medical education Nowadays assessment of clinical performance is significantly patient centered and student centered Traditional methods consisted of faculties observations oral examinations and multiplechoice tests Increased faculties workload discontent with traditional methods of clinical skill assessment and developments in the fields of psychology and education have led to the formation of new modalities in performance assessment methods with special definition Clinical competency is defined as the ability to gather information from the patient by history taking and physical examination integrating this information in order to make a diagnosis selecting appropriate laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis and efficient disease management At the present time several fields for future direction of performance assessment in medical education are suggested including: a) Evidencebased locally developed assessments b) Understanding educational outcomes and noncognitive assessment factors c) Increase in studentdriven aspect of assessments Attempting to introduce new and advanced medical students clinical performance assessment methods according to the world accredited centers this article analyzed three mentioned directions in field of clinical performance assessment Conclusion : Improvement of performance assessment in local or national level is a complex issue which needs time cooperation recourses and fundamental attempts However this is the price to pay if we believe that clinical competency can improve quality of patient care
Mehdi Nematbakhsh; Babak Sabet; Pedram Rezaee; Ali Shekarchizadeh; Homayoon Naji
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2007, , Pages 69-77
Abstract
Background : Special attention to medical education and hospital expense were the main reasons to develop a new feefor service program (CARANEH) in educational hospitals The main objectives of this program were to improve medical education via encouraging faculty members and to support the educational ...
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Background : Special attention to medical education and hospital expense were the main reasons to develop a new feefor service program (CARANEH) in educational hospitals The main objectives of this program were to improve medical education via encouraging faculty members and to support the educational hospitals financially Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the opinions of clinical faculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Science about the efficacy of CARANEH program in providing educational services Methods : In this crosssectional study 69 clinical faculty members who were directly involved in medical education and CARANEH program were asked to fill out a questionnaire designed in four domains Results : According to the results faculty members did not have enough information about the content of CARANEH program Moreover 60% of the respondents believed that CARANEH had not increased attendance of clinical faculty members in their due educational activities In addition more than 65% believed that CARANEH had not improved undergraduate and postgraduate education According to the respondents major priorities in improving medical education are respectively improving educational facilities in hospital wards (875%) libraries (852%) and audiovisual section (843%) Conclusion : According to these results it seems that CARANEH program has been an unsuccessful program in improving medical education in educational hospitals Even though the theoretical concept of CARANEH had been based on improving medical education but practically the idea has not worked successfully Therefore its precise revision can increase its efficacy in this regard
Zahra Jalili; Esmat Nouhi; Nouzar Nakhaee
Volume 2, Issue 2 , January 2006, , Pages 80-87
Abstract
Background: Establishing centers for clinical skills training in medical schools with the purpose of improving students ability in practical skills has provided an adequate environment for practicing in an experimental setting and consequently can be effective in decreasing the rate of probable mistakes ...
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Background: Establishing centers for clinical skills training in medical schools with the purpose of improving students ability in practical skills has provided an adequate environment for practicing in an experimental setting and consequently can be effective in decreasing the rate of probable mistakes in real situations Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the opinions of interns in Kerman University of Medical Sciences about the rate and sources of acquired basic clinical skills through self evaluation Methods: All available interns of Kerman School of Medicine (including 120 ones) who had passed the clinical skills course participated in this cross sectional study in 2004 Data were gathered by an investigator made questionnaire and analyzed by using ttest and ANOVA Results: Based on the results most of the respondents (908%) believed in the necessity of a specific course as clinical skills in medical education program In regard to the rate of acquired skills “vital signs measurement” “nasogastric tube insertion” and “patient communication skills” got the highest mean scores (1835 1776 and 173 respectively) in interns selfevaluation while the lowest mean scores belonged to “cauterization” “intubation” and “using surgical set” (909 1284 and 1411 respectively) The percent of selfevaluation total score was 767% In regard to the source of acquiring clinical skills “clinical skills center” (41%) “self learning” (29%) and “professors and others” (27%) obtained the highest percents respectively Conclusion: Considering the low self evaluation scores in some skills and the highest percent for clinical skills center as source of acquiring clinical skills improving the quality of training in this center and expanding its activities are necessary
