Review
Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Rezvan Ansari; Tahereh Changiz
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 570-585
Abstract
Background & Objective: Recognition of the causes and correlates of academic failure which is one of the failures of the education system is an important practical issue in education researches Despite the large number of studies in this field in Iran no comprehensive reviews of all published documents ...
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Background & Objective: Recognition of the causes and correlates of academic failure which is one of the failures of the education system is an important practical issue in education researches Despite the large number of studies in this field in Iran no comprehensive reviews of all published documents in this respect have been carried out Thus the aim of the present study was the systematic review of all texts published during the previous 15 years and determination of the role of individual personality and social factors related to academic failure of students Methods: In the present study documents were systematically reviewed and information gathered Articles which were related to the causes of academic failure of students of medical universities in Iran and published from March 1999 until February 2010 were studied Using census method 1008 articles were screened The full text of 26 articles with minimum quality of research was available Results: Based on the findings of the study male gender higher age of entry to college marriage mental and physical problems lack of interest in the field of education lower average score of school diploma or previous degree longer duration of time from diploma to university admission lack of studying during the term greater use of the internet and lack of scientific and research activities are individual factors that can lead to academic failure in students Based on the systematic review of literature the causes of academic failure of students were having a second job living in the dormitory and a nonempirical diploma Among familial and social factors low education level of father and mother financial problems family problems large number of family members poor social activity and being an extrovert were associated with academic failure Conclusion: Despite the many studies on the causes of academic failure it seems that the standards and definitions used in different studies vary Therefore to promote the quality of work standardization must be performed The views of faculty members were largely consistent with the facts found in the literature This showed that university teachers experiences in this regard are reliable Moreover considering the major listed causes it seems that groups who are at higher risk of academic failure can be identified and preventive measures applied to them
Original Article
Arash Shahravan; Mehrnaz Karimi-Afshar; Molouk Torabi; Sina Safari
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 586-595
Abstract
Background & Objective: Dentistry has been widely acknowledged as being associated with high levels of stress This stress originates in the process of dental education The aim of the present study was to evaluate dental environment stress (DES) in students of the School of Dentistry of Kerman University ...
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Background & Objective: Dentistry has been widely acknowledged as being associated with high levels of stress This stress originates in the process of dental education The aim of the present study was to evaluate dental environment stress (DES) in students of the School of Dentistry of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted on 165 students Data were collected using the Dental Environment Stress Questionnaire (consisting of 32 items in 6 scales) and demographic information questionnaire Data were analyzed in SPSS software using ttest and ANOVA Pvalue was considered at 5% Results: Of the 165 respondents 533% were women and 782% were single Their mean age was 2363 ± 294 years and mean score was 1605 ± 110 The mean of DES score was 8260 ± 1453 out of a total of 128 In academic factors fear of exam and failure of the course were the most important stressors There was a statistically significant association between mean DES score and gender There was no statistically significant association between mean DES score and marriage status student`s work and priority of field selection Conclusion: The results of the present study were similar to that of previous studies They showed the existence of DES Academic factors were one of the most important stressors
Original Article
Mohammad Reza Ardalan; Siroos Ghanbari; Fakhrossadat Nasiri; Iman Karimi
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 596-605
Abstract
Background & Objective: Mobile learning as a new stage of development in elearning provides opportunities for information transfer and strengthening and improving lifelong learning in students of medical sciences The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mobile technology solutions ...
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Background & Objective: Mobile learning as a new stage of development in elearning provides opportunities for information transfer and strengthening and improving lifelong learning in students of medical sciences The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mobile technology solutions on effective deployment of mobile learning in medical education based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Methods: This was an objectivebased applied research and based on the method of data collection a descriptive survey The statistical population consisted of all faculty members of the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2014 The sample size (n = 188) was determined using Cochran formula Data were collected using the Mobile Technology Development Strategies Questionnaires and Davis TAM Data analysis was performed using the correlation coefficient ttest confirmatory factor analysis structural equation modeling and path analysis and LISREL and SPSS software Results: Instructional strategies administrativestructural managerial and motivational–recreational respectively had the most significant effect (at the level of 001) on the teachers perception of the usefulness of mobile learning and the simplicity of its use Based on TAM these two components had positive effects on attitude toward using and deciding to use mobile technology Thereby they have significant positive effects on the application of mobile technology in teaching and learning by teachers (at the level of 001) Conclusion: Based on these results TAM was approved according to the guidelines provided on mobile learning development in the study population and thus has deployment potential in the target population
Original Article
Maryam Okhovati; Azam Bazrafshan; Morteza Zare; Leila Abdollahi; Maliheh Sadat Bazrafshan
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 606-617
Abstract
Background & Objective: Publishing in journals indexed in wellknown indexes is the best way to present an article internationally It also illustrates the contribution of scholars to the advancement of knowledge in the world This study aimed to investigate the scientific output of Kerman University ...
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Background & Objective: Publishing in journals indexed in wellknown indexes is the best way to present an article internationally It also illustrates the contribution of scholars to the advancement of knowledge in the world This study aimed to investigate the scientific output of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran in Web of Science (WOS) during 2004 to 2013 Methods: This applied research uses scientometrics and citation methods to investigate the scientific publications of Kerman University of Medical Sciences during 20042013 The data were gathered from Web of Science Results: During this time period researchers at Kerman University of Medical Sciences had published 1053 documents in WOS Most of the documents were in article format The growth rate of scientific contribution was 70% and the universitys Hindex was 30 The papers distribution followed the Lotkas law In total the papers had received 4619 citations Only 247% of papers were written by one author The studied researchers had the most collaboration with Tehran University of Medical Sciences among Iranian universities and the University of Amsterdam among foreign universities The fields pharmacy and pharmacology had produced the most papers Conclusion: The results indicated a growing trend in publications and high rates of scientific collaboration by Kerman University of Medical Sciences It is suggested that different departments follow the experience of departments with the most productivity in order to increase their output In this way all departments will contribute to the universitys scientific output Moroever new policies should be considered to increase the citation rate
Original Article
Nasrin Tabasinejad; Narges Khanjani; Fatemeh Balali-Meybodi; Fatemeh Nazari; Mohabbat Mohseni
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 618-625
Abstract
Background & Objective: Determination of priorities and suitable educational methods enable the optimal use of the limited resources available Due to the effective role of family physicians in health promotion and the necessity of educational planning according to needs assessment this study aimed ...
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Background & Objective: Determination of priorities and suitable educational methods enable the optimal use of the limited resources available Due to the effective role of family physicians in health promotion and the necessity of educational planning according to needs assessment this study aimed to assess the educational requirements of rural family physicians working in Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This crosssectional analyticaldescriptive study was conducted on 102 rural family physicians in 2014 Census method was applied for sampling Data were collected using a twopart researchermade questionnaire The validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors To determine the reliability of the research tool testretest method and Cronbachs alpha (096) were applied Statistical tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS software Results: The most required educational needs were circumcision biopsy of the skin and mucosa pulling nails speckle removal and surgical excision of skin verruca Continuing Medical Education was reported as the leading effective educational method There was significant relationship between educational requirements and total years of work experience and years of work experience as family physician However there was no significant relationship between educational requirements and physicians gender age place of education and educational interval gap Conclusion: To enhance knowledge and skills of family physicians in addition to revision of physicians educational curriculum educational planning based on needs assessment is required Thus it is suggested that the Health Care and Continuing Medical Education Office in Kerman University of Medical Sciences take the results of this study into consideration in order to promote the efficacy of the educational programs
Original Article
Maryam Dastoorpoor; Marzieh Moradi; Fatemeh Estebsari; Farzaneh Zolala
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 626-643
Abstract
Background & Objective: Little attention has been paid to generating systematic evidencebased qualitative approaches to effective education This study aimed to explore postgraduate students and mentors view points experiences and perceptions about effective education and its related factors in Kerman ...
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Background & Objective: Little attention has been paid to generating systematic evidencebased qualitative approaches to effective education This study aimed to explore postgraduate students and mentors view points experiences and perceptions about effective education and its related factors in Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: In this qualitative study using content analysis method and purposive sampling 32 postgraduate students and 7 mentors were recruited An interview guide was used to collect data through focus groups via indepth interviews After obtaining verbal informed consent data were recorded transcribed and analyzed using content analysis method To ensure validity of the data the acceptability and confirmability criteria were utilized Results: Two main themes were extracted from the viewpoint of postgraduate students and the mentors the direct and indirect factors related to effective education Direct factors included the factors related to student mentor educational environment and motivation Indirect factors were national educational system evaluation system for students and economic factors Conclusion: Both postgraduate students and mentors believe that effective education is a complex issue and macrofactors such as educational system and microones such as mentors and students characteristics are important In addition there is inconsistency in students and the mentors perception about the roles of the other one mentors believe that this is the responsibility of the students to learn and be selfmotivated while the students mentione that this is mainly the mentor responsibility This is an important topic which should be considered for planning effective education
Original Article
Meimanat Abedini-Baltork; Ahmad Reza Nasr-Esfahani; Mehdi Mohammadi; Ebrahim Salehi-Omran
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 644-653
Abstract
Background & Objective: Constructivism is an approach that has profound effects on learning and teaching approaches and thus alters education teaching learner teachers roles and learning environment The medical sciences are not exempt from this effect On the other hand curriculum is the most important ...
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Background & Objective: Constructivism is an approach that has profound effects on learning and teaching approaches and thus alters education teaching learner teachers roles and learning environment The medical sciences are not exempt from this effect On the other hand curriculum is the most important element for the realization of the goals and general mission of the educational system Therefore the present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the application of constructivist curriculum at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This was a descriptive survey The study population consisted of postgraduate students from 4 schools of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Through stratified random sampling method 200 participants were selected The research instrument was a questionnaire the validity and reliability of which were approved In the descriptive statistics section mean and standard deviation were used and in the inferential statistics section a independent ttest ttest and ANOVA were used Results: A significant difference was observed between the mean test curriculum elements and theoretical mean of the scale used This meant that curriculum elements based on the constructivism approach were lower than average in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Conclusion: Numerous studies have been conducted on this approach in medical education but this topic has not gained much attention in Iran According to the findings it is suggested that teachers abandon the traditional approach to teaching and utilize newer approaches such as constructivism
Original Article
Mahasti Alizadeh; Houman Yazdchi; Hossein Mazouchian
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 654-662
Abstract
Background & Objective: Medical education is based on both practical skills and theoretical knowledge Clinical skills training is an essential component of medical education One of the best evaluation methods for educational systems is to determine learners opinions on the quality of teaching In ...
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Background & Objective: Medical education is based on both practical skills and theoretical knowledge Clinical skills training is an essential component of medical education One of the best evaluation methods for educational systems is to determine learners opinions on the quality of teaching In this study senior medical students views of practical education and clinical skills were studied Methods: This descriptive crosssectional study was conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2012 on 122 senior medical interns in their 14th semester A questionnaire consisting of 18 items regarding clinical and communication skills and 35 items regarding practical measures was distributed among participants Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the acquired data Results: Among the participants 113% and 487% reported a very high rate and high rate of communication skills respectively Moreover 625% of students reported that they had received the necessary education on first aid skills and only 137% and 25% reported low and very low ability in this regard Conclusion: In terms of obtaining accurate and purposeful clinical history and data recording the students had received favorable training However other skills were reported to be at low and very low levels
Brief report
Sedigheh Khodabandeh; Parisa Rostambeig; Sakineh Sabzevari; Esmat Nouhi
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 663-670
Abstract
Background & Objective: In order to improve the quality of higher education programs and make them dynamic quantitative and qualitative evaluations and assessments are required In this study the context input process and product (CIPP) evaluation model was used to evaluate the School of Medicine ...
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Background & Objective: In order to improve the quality of higher education programs and make them dynamic quantitative and qualitative evaluations and assessments are required In this study the context input process and product (CIPP) evaluation model was used to evaluate the School of Medicine at Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2014 Methods: The evaluation of this school based on the CIPP model consisted of the 4 components of context input process and output The sample included 69 students 20 professors and 12 postgraduates A researcher made questionnaire was used to collect data The scores of 015 1535 and 355 were considered as representing poor conditions relatively favorable conditions and favorable conditions respectively Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics (ttest) Results: From the perspective of the participants of the research the status of context input process and output and in general the School of Medicine was favorable and the output of the school was relatively favorable There was a significant difference between the students and professors point of views in terms of the context process and outcome of the school (P < 005) The students ranked the context as favorable while the professors ranked input process and output of the school as favorable Conclusion: The results of the final evaluation revealed that the condition of this school is favorable To achieve a highly favorable condition it is suggested that college and university authorities attempt to strengthen important factors such as revision of curriculum content and training professors on teaching methods evaluation and communication skills
Brief report
Jahangir Haghani; Molouk Torabi; Armin Rafiee-Pour
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 671-678
Abstract
Background & Objective: Clinical training is of great importance in dentistry and has a direct impact on health of the society and treatment of patients The present study was conducted with the aim to obtain students point of views about facilities physical environment and training methods in the ...
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Background & Objective: Clinical training is of great importance in dentistry and has a direct impact on health of the society and treatment of patients The present study was conducted with the aim to obtain students point of views about facilities physical environment and training methods in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology School of Dentistry of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This descriptive and crosssectional study was conducted on dental students who had had passed at least 1 unit of radiology course The participants were selected through census sampling method The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of 28 items in 5 scales and a section on demographic information The 5 scales consisted of evaluation of equipment quality of education in terms of diagnosis skills quality of education in terms of clinical skills practical education on patients and miscellaneous questions The questionnaire was designed by the researchers and its validity and reliability were evaluated Data were analyzed in SPSS software using ttest and analysis of variance (ANOVA) All Pvalues of less than 005 were considered significant Results: Of the 146 respondents 432% were men and 568% were women The mean score of the questionnaire was 7624 ± 1442 from a total of 140 Overall students satisfaction was at a moderate level Students satisfaction level with practical training in different techniques and bone and dental fractures diagnosis using radiography was low In the students view the quantity and quality of radiography devices was inadequate There was no statistically significant association between different inputs in terms of satisfaction and the students gender Conclusion: The students in the present study were relatively satisfied with radiology courses However in their opinion the quantity and quality of radiology devices were low Thus the repairing and updating of the radiography devices is recommended
Letter to editor
رضا بهنام فر; مهرداد مستغاثی
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 679-681
Abstract
رسالت اصلی دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی، تربیت نیروی انسانی به منظور ارتقای بهداشت و درمان جامعه است (1) میتوان از مراکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی به عنوان بازوی ...
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رسالت اصلی دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی، تربیت نیروی انسانی به منظور ارتقای بهداشت و درمان جامعه است (1) میتوان از مراکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی به عنوان بازوی اصلی دانشگاهها در بحث کیفیت آموزش یاد کرد تأسیس این مراکز در ایران با هدف ارتقای کیفی آموزش از اواخر سال 1368 در دستور کار قرار گرفت (2) مراکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش به عنوان یکی از مدیریتهای حوزه معاونت آموزشی در دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی، جهت انجام بهتر امور خود از همکاری دفاتر توسعه آموزش در دانشکدهها و بیمارستانهای آموزشی بهرهمند میگردند به این منظور، آییننامه شرح وظایف مراکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی (EDC) و دفاتر توسعه آموزش (EDO) در دویست و یکمین جلسه شورای گسترش دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی به تصویب رسید در این آییننامه که با شماره 167/500، مورخ 9/9/1389 ابلاغ گردیده است؛ از مراکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش به عنوان مغز متفکر و مسئول ارتقای کیفی آموزش در دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی یاد شده است با توجه به اهمیت این مراکز و دفاتر در بحث آموزش در دانشگاهها، به نظر میرسد که میبایست مسئولیتهای این مراکز و به ویژه دفاتر توسعه آموزش از شفافیت بیشتری نسبت به آنچه که در آییننامه موجود ذکر گردیده، برخوردار باشد لذا مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی یزد با تدوین آییننامه داخلی، سعی در برداشتن گامی عملی در این راستا نمود در مدت کوتاهی که از اجرای این آییننامه داخلی میگذرد، خروجی مناسبی به دست آمده است با این حال آییننامه فعلی با توجه به شرایط این مرکز تدوین شده است و این قابلیت وجود دارد تا ضمن بهبود، در دانشگاههای دیگر با اعمال تغییراتی، اجرایی شود در این نوشتار، آییننامه داخلی شرح وظایف دفاتر توسعه آموزش دانشگاه شهید صدوقی یزد با هدف ارائه پیشنهادی عملیاتی و مدون از جانب این مرکز به سایر مراکز همکار و همچنین دریافت نظرات مسئولین و صاحبنظران این حوزه، ارائه میگردد امید است تا اساتید و کارشناسان محترم ضمن ارائه نظرات عملیاتی خود به تکمیل این آییننامه کمک نمایند آیین نامه داخلی شرح وظایف دفاتر توسعه آموزش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد به منظور افزایش سرعت فعالیتها، پرهیز از دوبارهکاریهای موجود در فرایندهای اجرایی، افزایش مشارکت دفاتر توسعه آموزش در فعالیتهای آموزشی و پررنگتر شدن نقش آنها در دانشکدهها از طریق تمرکززدایی از فعالیتهای مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی و گسترش نقش اجرایی دفاتر توسعه آموزش؛ آیین نامه داخلی حاضر ابلاغ میگردد بدین ترتیب دفاتر توسعه آموزش موظف خواهند بود بر اساس این آیین نامه با مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش همکاری نموده و عملکرد آنها بر این اساس مورد ارزیابی قرار خواهد گرفت بر اساس این آیین نامه: دفاتر توسعه میبایست نقش فعال در ارائه مشاوره در زمینه اجرای طرحهای پژوهشی در حوزه آموزش و اجرای روشهای نوین آموزش و ارزشیابی به منظور توسعه کیفی فرایند یاددهی و یادگیری ایفا نمایند دفاتر توسعه آموزش میبایست در برگزاری کارگاههای توانمندسازی اعضای هیأت علمی که توسط مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش طراحی شدهاند، و یا توسط مرکز توسعه پیشنهاد شده و مورد تایید مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش قرار گرفته، با استفاده از امکانات دانشکده / بیمارستان متبوع مشارکت نمایند دفاتر توسعه آموزش میبایست در پایان هر ترم تحصیلی، سؤالات امتحانی اعضای هیأت علمی دانشکده / بیمارستان متبوع را جمعآوری و با کمک اعضای دفتر توسعه بر اساس فرمهای ارزیابی صوری تدوین شده توسط مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش مورد ارزیابی قرار داده و نتایج را حداکثر تا یک ماه بعد از پایان امتحانات به مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش ارسال نموده تا از طریق این مرکز به صورت محرمانه در اختیار اعضای هیأت علمی قرار گیرد دفاتر توسعه آموزش میبایست طرح درسهای تدوین شده توسط اعضای محترم هیأت علمی دانشکده / بیمارستان متبوع را در آغاز نیم سال تحصیلی جمعآوری نموده و با کمک اعضای دفتر توسعه بر اساس فرم بررسی تدوین شده توسط مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش مورد بررسی قرار داده و نتایج را حداکثر تا یک ماه از آغاز نیمسال تحصیلی به مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش ارسال نموده تا از طریق این مرکز به صورت محرمانه در اختیار اعضای هیأت علمی قرار گیرد دفاتر توسعه آموزش میبایست بر Skill Lab دانشکده / بیمارستان خود در صورت وجود نظارت نموده و نتایج را به اطلاع این مرکز برسانند دفاتر توسعه آموزش میتوانند بر اساس آیین نامه داخلی شماره مورخ نسبت به تشکیل شاخه دانشجویی اقدام نمایند دفاتر توسعه آموزش میبایست نقش فعال در ارزشیابی عملکرد اعضای هیأت علمی دانشکده بر اساس میزان مشارکت در توسعه کیفیت آموزش ایفا نمایند دفاتر توسعه آموزش بیمارستانها میبایست بر فعالیتهای آموزش بالینی همانند ژورنال کلاب، گزارش صبحگاهی، راند، گراندراند، Case Report و غیره نظارت و آنها را ارزیابی نمایند و نتیجه را به مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش گزارش نموده تا از طریق این مرکز به اطلاع مسئولین برگزاری فرایند آموزشی مربوطه برسد همچنین این دفاتر موظف هستند نقاط ضعف موجود را تا برطرف شدن آنها، پیگیری نمایند دفاتر توسعه آموزش بیمارستانها میبایست بر فعالیتهای ارزشیابی بالینی همانند DOPS، Mini CEX، OSCE و غیره نظارت و آنها را ارزیابی نمایند و نتیجه را به مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش گزارش نموده تا از طریق این مرکز به اطلاع مسئولین برگزاری فرایند ارزشیابی مربوطه برسد همچنین این دفاتر موظف هستند نقاط ضعف موجود را تا برطرف شدن آنها، پیگیری نمایند به اطلاع سرپرستان محترم دفاتر توسعه آموزش میرساند، این آییننامه در صورت نیاز و بر اساس نیازهای آموزشی به روزرسانی خواهد شد بدیهی است که هر گونه تغییر به اطلاع سرپرستان محترم خواهد رسید
Letter to editor
Fereshteh Araghian Mojarad; Akram Sanagoo; Leila Jouybari
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 682-683
Brief report
Abbas Aghaei Afshar; Majid Fasihi Harandi; Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 684-686
Abstract
Educational decline among university students during the first university terms is generally observed as a reason of the big change in lifestyle and not being accustomed to dormitory atmosphere or it can be as a result of being involved with emotional matters due to the special age at which they enter ...
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Educational decline among university students during the first university terms is generally observed as a reason of the big change in lifestyle and not being accustomed to dormitory atmosphere or it can be as a result of being involved with emotional matters due to the special age at which they enter university This research concerns the situation of a medical student ((Mohammad)) who enters Kerman medical university with a perfect educational background and a top rank in entrance exam of university but he encounters a noticeable underachievement in educating as soon as he starts his courses at university Mohammad who is from a relatively supportive family and has a suitable financial situation in his family gets involved with an emotional case and its following problems and matters facing a breakup at this stage he is suffered with depression and severe educational decline His family in order to help him acts mistakenly and it brings about bigger problems Therefore after finishing two university terms with conditional educational situation he exposes with the warning of being dropped out of university Noticing the importance of this stage of life among university students more than the consideration of university teachers needs the contribution of consulting center of university in an effective way so that they can identify students with emotional conflicts that leads them toward educational underachievement and then offering them suitable and helpful consultation aimed to help them pass this serious phase of life and moreover how to adopt themselves with new situations surely with having their family support as well
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سیده زهرا نهاردانی; سمیه علیزاده; زهره سهرابی
Volume 12, Issue 4 , January 2016, Pages 687-691
