Original Article
Masoumeh Mangeli; Sakineh Sabzevari; Esmat Noohi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 292-306
Abstract
Background & Objective: In recent decades there have been substantial changes in the design and delivery of medical education in congruence with the higher demand for improved professional competencies of medical graduates Taskbased learning is an integrated system and a multidisciplinary ...
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Background & Objective: In recent decades there have been substantial changes in the design and delivery of medical education in congruence with the higher demand for improved professional competencies of medical graduates Taskbased learning is an integrated system and a multidisciplinary teaching and learning approach In taskbased learning the focus of learning is a set of tasks addressed by a doctor in clinical practice In this method subjects are taught through the performance of tasks and understanding of concepts and mechanisms underlying the tasks The aim of this study was to review articles on taskbased learning in medical education Methods: Electronic databases and publishers such as ScienceDirect PubMed Scopus Google Scholar SID and Magiran were reviewed in 2014 All articles on taskbased learning in medical education without consideration of publication date were collected Studies which had the inclusion criteria (relevant to the field of medicine having objectives method sample size analysis a specific conclusion and availability of the full text) were selected In total 10 qualitative quantitative or mixed studies were selected for analysis Results: Although taskbased learning had been used in different levels and situations evidence suggested that in comparison to the traditional training method it has more efficiency and effectiveness Taskbased learning is an important tool in medical education with positive effects on faculty members students and patients Conclusion: This study has shown that taskbased learning is a powerful educational strategy and has been accepted as an appropriate tool in teaching and learning activities in most medical schools Therefore it is recommended for the promotion of knowledge skills and professional competency
Original Article
Abdolhussein Shakurnia; Houshang Alijani; Shahnaz Najjar; Hussein Elhampour
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 307-314
Abstract
Background & Objective: Identification of the role of factors such as selfesteem and studying approaches in academic achievement could lead to improved educational programming and reinforced teaching output This study was performed to determine the relationship of academic achievement with ...
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Background & Objective: Identification of the role of factors such as selfesteem and studying approaches in academic achievement could lead to improved educational programming and reinforced teaching output This study was performed to determine the relationship of academic achievement with selfesteem and approaches to studying among university students Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 147 nursing and midwifery students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2012 The mean of grade point average (GPA) during the past semester was considered as the index for academic achievement Data collection was performed using the approaches and study skills inventory for students (ASSIST) and the Rosenberg selfesteem scale (RSES) Data were analyzed using independent sample ttest and the Pearson correlation coefficient and the SPSS statistical software Results: The mean selfesteem score of university students was 3745 (from a maximum of 50) and its correlation with academic achievement was 0166 (P = 0046) The mean score of the surface approach to studying was 5340 (from a maximum of 80) and its correlation with academic achievement was 0432 (P = 0001) The mean score of the deep approach to studying was 5340 (from a maximum of 80) and its correlation with academic achievement was 0432 (P = 0592) Conclusion: Studying approaches and selfesteem can have an important role in the academic achievement of university students Thus it may be possible to promote the academic achievement of students by improving their selfesteem and guiding them to use appropriate approaches to studying
Original Article
Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh-Alishahi; Zahra Heydarizadeh; Atiyeh Moosavi; Mohammad Hasani
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 315-324
Abstract
Background & Objective: Psychological capital is a new concept in the field of positive psychology and plays an important role in an individuals perceived and psychological health The current study was undertaken with the aim of determining the relationship among and predicting organizational ...
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Background & Objective: Psychological capital is a new concept in the field of positive psychology and plays an important role in an individuals perceived and psychological health The current study was undertaken with the aim of determining the relationship among and predicting organizational commitment and effective training through psychological capital and with regard to the mediator role of social capital Methods: In this descriptive correlational research and standard and researchermade questionnaires were used to collect data The study population consisted of all faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran (n = 650) Using the Morgan table 240 individuals were chosen through stratified random sampling For data analysis the Pearson correlation coefficient and deflator multiple regression were used in SPSS statistical software Results: The research findings demonstrated a meaningful relationship between the variables The interactive role of psychological capital and social capital on organizational commitment and effective training among faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences was approved This means that among teachers with high social capital an increase in psychological capital was associated with an increase in commitment and effective training Conclusion: These findings indicate the necessity of recognizing the interactive role of psychological capital and social capital on organizational commitment and effective training
Review
Tahereh Changiz; Mohammad Fakhari; Sepideh Jamshidian; Solmaz Zare; Fariba Asgari
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 325-343
Abstract
Background & Objective: One method to evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of the general medicine curriculum is the collection of results of research in this field In this study research results on the extent of predefined general competency in the formal document of the minimum competencies ...
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Background & Objective: One method to evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of the general medicine curriculum is the collection of results of research in this field In this study research results on the extent of predefined general competency in the formal document of the minimum competencies of Iranian general physicians have been systematically integrated Methods: The search strategy in this study included the searching of words doctor student interns or graduate and ability competency knowledge skill attitude or performance in the title abstract or keywords of articles All papers published from 2002 to 2014 in Persian language journals were retrieved from the Irandoc Iranmedex Magiran Medlib and SID databases Results: After the removal of irrelevant or duplicate papers from 270 recorded papers 24 articles were selected and analyzed All studies were descriptive studies and most used selfreporting methods to assess the competency of physicians Reviewed articles focused on only 48% of subdomains of the formal document of the minimum competencies of physicians In 70% of assessed skills physicians competencies were estimated as low to moderate Conclusion: Although these studies did not assess all skills mentioned in the formal document of the minimum competencies of physicians estimates show that the competencies of general physicians in assessed skills were not desirable It is recommended that future studies in this field to be managed
Original Article
Seiyed Davoud Nasrollahpour-Shirvani; Mostafa Javanian; Ali Shabestani-Monfared; Iman Jahanian
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 344-354
Abstract
Background & Objective: It is attempted to identify creative and talented individuals and to ensure the satisfaction of volunteers through creating a joyful atmosphere in scientific Olympiads The aim of the present study was to assess the level of satisfaction of candidates with the quality ...
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Background & Objective: It is attempted to identify creative and talented individuals and to ensure the satisfaction of volunteers through creating a joyful atmosphere in scientific Olympiads The aim of the present study was to assess the level of satisfaction of candidates with the quality of the 5th National Medical Sciences Olympiad in Iran Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted in the summer of 2013 The study population consisted of the candidates of the 5th National Medical Sciences Olympiad among the medical universities of Iran The subjects were selected through census method The data collection tool was a questionnaire designed by the researcher and its validity and reliability were confirmed Data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of P < 0050 Results: Of the 222 studied candidates around the country 67 individuals (302%) studied Basic Sciences 52 (234%) Clinical Reasoning 67 (302%) Management of Health Systems and 36 (162%) Art in Medical Education The mean satisfaction level of candidates with the quality of this national Olympiad was 32 ± 11 and with the content and functionality of this Olympiad was 33 ± 12 There was a significant relationship between gender and satisfaction with the quality of the Olympiad (P = 0002) There was a significant relationship between age (P = 0 010 r = 0 131) semester (P = 0 019 r = 0122) and academic type (P = 0 019) and satisfaction with content and functionality of this Olympiad Conclusion: Satisfaction with quality content and functionality of the 5th Olympiad was at a moderate level and thus requires improvements
Original Article
Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Hossein Rafiei; Abozar Raeisvandi; Yasan Kazemzadeh
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 355-365
Abstract
Background & Objective: Higher education and postgraduate programs characterize one of the key components of human development in any country The present study was carried out at Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran with the aim of investigating MSc and PhD students level of satisfaction ...
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Background & Objective: Higher education and postgraduate programs characterize one of the key components of human development in any country The present study was carried out at Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran with the aim of investigating MSc and PhD students level of satisfaction with their present situation and their view of the amount of attention and effort the university authorities exercise to meet the students expectations Methods: The target population of the present descriptive analytical study consisted of 135 postgraduate students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Data were gathered using the Student Satisfaction Inventory (SSI) This inventory evaluates the students satisfaction with services provided by supervisors and educational educational assistance campus facilities studentcentered and general services Results: In total 422% of students (41% male and 432% female) were satisfied with the services The maximum level of satisfaction of students was with services provided by supervisors and the lowest level was with campus facilities On the other hand 383% of students (36% male and 419% female) were satisfied with the amount of attention from the university authorities to the services In their view maximum attention was given to the services provided by supervisors and the minimum was given to campus facilities Conclusion: In conclusion students level of satisfaction with their current situation and the level of effort made by authorities to meet their needs were rated low In view of the growing increase in admittance of students into higher education and to promote the quality of this sector university authorities should pay more heed to meeting the needs of postgraduate students who play a significant role in building the countrys future
Original Article
Abbas Heydari; Mostafa Rad; Mohammad Reza Ghasemi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 366-376
Abstract
Background & Objective: One of factors influencing students academic achievement is academic engagement The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive investigation on conceptual dimensions of academic engagement and the factors affecting it Methods: A comprehensive search of ...
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Background & Objective: One of factors influencing students academic achievement is academic engagement The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive investigation on conceptual dimensions of academic engagement and the factors affecting it Methods: A comprehensive search of literature published during 20012014 was performed using Persian and English databases including Magiran SID Scopus and PubMed As a result 190 texts were obtained After a close study 22 papers with the keywords of student engagement and academic engagement time were selected Selection criteria were the existence of any dimension of the concept of academic engagement and factors affecting it in the paper Results: After assessing 22 articles the dimensions of academic engagement concept and its influencing factors were made clear Academic engagement consists of the educational behavioral cognitive and psychological dimensions Factors which affect academic engagement are the education institutions characteristics teaching methods servicebased learning technology and various levels of academic engagement Conclusion: Through the recognition of dimensions of academic engagement and by applying factors that influence students academic engagement the wasting of their time and energy can be prevented and a valuable work force can be developed Since university engagement has been less studied in medical sciences in our country it is recommended that qualitative and quantitative research be performed in this field
Original Article
Mohammad Ali Rezaei; Sakineh Sabzevari; Behshid Garousi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 377-387
Abstract
Background & Objective: Spiritual wellbeing is the most recent aspect of health and is the sole force that harmonizes physical mental and social aspects Academic citizenship behaviors are voluntary humanitarian valuebased and ethical acts carried out by students without any expectations Therefore ...
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Background & Objective: Spiritual wellbeing is the most recent aspect of health and is the sole force that harmonizes physical mental and social aspects Academic citizenship behaviors are voluntary humanitarian valuebased and ethical acts carried out by students without any expectations Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and academic citizenship behaviors of postgraduate students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Iran Methods: This was a descriptiveanalytic study The study population consisted of 350 postgraduate students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences The subjects were selected from 7 schools of this university using proportionate sampling Data collection tools were the Ellisons and Paloutzians Spiritual Wellbeing Scale and the Academic Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software Results: The spiritual wellbeing of postgraduate students was at medium and high levels and academic citizenship behavior of students was also at a high level The spiritual health and academic citizenship behaviors of doctoral degree female married and older students were higher than others The higher the score of students spiritual health was the higher the score of academic citizenship behaviors was Conclusion: According to the results of the study it is recommended that more attention be given to the spiritual health of students Moreover curriculum related to ethics must be introduced by universities as an effective factor in positive values to students In addition through strengthening of students spiritual health it can be expected that students with maximum ability and ethics will graduate and take responsibility for public health of the society
Original Article
Mohsen Aminizadeh; Amin Saberinia; Simin Kohan; Iraj Shokohi; Abolfalz Faghihi; Elaheh Aminizadeh
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 388-398
Abstract
Background & Objective: Advances in information and communication technology has created new attitudes toward education and its methods Thus changing learning approaches to training through the use of electronic resources and virtual education has become important The purpose of this study ...
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Background & Objective: Advances in information and communication technology has created new attitudes toward education and its methods Thus changing learning approaches to training through the use of electronic resources and virtual education has become important The purpose of this study was to compare the two virtual and traditional education methods in terms of practical skills in prehospital emergency paramedic technicians Methods: This quasiexperimental study was performed in 2013 Practical skills such as basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation triage and familiarity with emergency equipment and correct transference method were taught through workshops and electronic learning in two groups of 40 people Then learners satisfaction with the education methods was measured and data were analyzed using SPSS software Results: The mean theory scores of all courses were significant There were significant differences between the mean scores of practical courses of cardiac and pulmonary resuscitation equipment and transference through workshops and electronic learning However no significant difference was observed among the two methods in triage training Conclusion: According to the results the electronic learning method is recommended in courses such as triage that have more theoretical aspects for paramedic technicians Considering the characteristics of electronic learning it can be used as a complementary method to traditional education
Brief report
Nafiseh Pakravan; Rouhangiz Norouzinia; Zohreh Ghazivakili; Behrooz Pouragha
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 399-406
Abstract
Background & Objective: Discussion in small groups is one of the most reliable methods that will lead to a deeper learning This method is based on the active participation of all members of the group The immunology course necessitates thought and connection among the presented content Therefore ...
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Background & Objective: Discussion in small groups is one of the most reliable methods that will lead to a deeper learning This method is based on the active participation of all members of the group The immunology course necessitates thought and connection among the presented content Therefore in this study the efficacy of this method in increasing students understanding of the relationship between the components of the immune system was evaluated Methods: The course lectures were presented in 12 sessions each lasting 2 hours Then the students were given the opportunity to study for a few days An exam was taken based on the presented content and then the students were divided into groups under the titles of immune system cells The discussion sessions were conducted A second exam was taken after the discussion Scores of pre and postdiscussion in small groups were compared Students satisfaction with this approach was asked orally and through open questions and recorded Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in students scores after the discussion in small groups compared to before the discussion Among the students 65% believed that this method had a great effect on deep understanding and were willing to repeat this approach Furthermore 82% of students believed that their confidence increased in respect to what they had learned Conclusion: Small group discussion is a potent educational method because its implementation in 1 session on taught content resulted in an increase in scores The implementation of this method may be difficult for the teacher but this approach has significant effects on student learning behavior
Brief report
Raika Jamali
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 407-412
Abstract
Background & Objective: Considering the possible risks of performing endoscopy training on patients the use of a moulage prior to training seems reasonable The aim of this study was to evaluate residents rate of satisfaction with the training process and their ability in performing upper gastrointestinal ...
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Background & Objective: Considering the possible risks of performing endoscopy training on patients the use of a moulage prior to training seems reasonable The aim of this study was to evaluate residents rate of satisfaction with the training process and their ability in performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy using gastric moulage prepared in Sina Hospital Iran Methods: This study was conducted on 20 residents of the endoscopy ward at Sina Hospital from September 2012 to September 2013 The endoscopy training program consisted of 3 steps of training with gastric moulage observation and training on human subjects The present educational development plan was evaluated through studying the 2 criteria of residents satisfaction and ability The satisfaction of residents with the endoscopy training course was evaluated by a selfreport questionnaire The residents ability in performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was evaluated by measuring the time of reaching the gastroesophageal junction and pyloric valve Results: The reliability and validity of the selfreport questionnaire were 64% (060089) and 78% (012095) respectively Over 90% of residents agreed with the items of the selfreport questionnaire The highest rate of agreement belonged to the item that interpreted the effect of this method on lowering residents anxiety in performing endoscopy (100%) The mean ± standard deviation of time of reaching the gastroesophageal junction and pyloric valve were 1620 ± 1354 and 2728 ± 1375 seconds respectively Conclusion: The results of this study showed that training residents using gastric moulage prepared in Sina Hospital was associated with residents satisfaction and the successful obtaining of the endoscopy skill
Brief report
Hamid Reza Poreslami; Hoda Shamsadini; Hamid Sharifi; Simin Ghanbari Gohari
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 413-418
Abstract
Background & Objective: The profession of dentistry necessitates the proficiency of students not only in theoretical knowledge but also in psychomotor skills Many dentistry skills in addition to theoretical courses are taught through practical courses The aim of the present research was to ...
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Background & Objective: The profession of dentistry necessitates the proficiency of students not only in theoretical knowledge but also in psychomotor skills Many dentistry skills in addition to theoretical courses are taught through practical courses The aim of the present research was to investigate the correlation between psychomotor skills and academic scores from theoretical and practical courses among a group of dental students Methods: In this study the psychomotor skills of 33 dental students in their first term in 2010 and before taking any practical courses were evaluated through a practical test After being presented with an image the students were asked to build a sample of that image with a certain type of dough in a determined duration of time and simultaneously Each students work was evaluated separately by professors of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry The mean of the scores given by 6 professors was considered as the psychomotor skill score of the participants After 3 years the scores were compared with those obtained by the same students from theoretical and practical lessons of Endodontics 1 and Restorative Dentistry 1 The partial correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between the scores Results: There was a significant correlation between the practical test score and the practical Endodontics (r = 051 P = 0020) and Restorative Dentistry (r = 035 P = 0040) scores However no significant correlation was observed between practical test scores and theoretical Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry scores Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between dental students psychomotor skills and the scores of their practical courses Practical examination at the time of the students entrance into the university or enhancement of their psychomotor skills may improve their work
Brief report
Seyed Mehran Hosseini
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 419-425
Abstract
Background & Objective: Open book exams with free access to resources are effective for the better understanding of concepts and achieving higher levels of Blooms taxonomy This study investigated the correlation of average educational grading with open book exam score and with deep information ...
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Background & Objective: Open book exams with free access to resources are effective for the better understanding of concepts and achieving higher levels of Blooms taxonomy This study investigated the correlation of average educational grading with open book exam score and with deep information processing (DIP) The attitudes of medical students in basic sciences stage regarding open book exams were also reported Methods: In this descriptive study the subjects were 34 medical students in their third semester The students were informed of the date and duration of the quiz issues in question multiplechoice form of questions and the main book source for quiz 2 weeks in advance However students were not aware of it as an open book exam until it was performed After completing the test a survey and DIP were conducted for students anonymously Data were presented in the form of descriptive statistics The ttest and the correlation of educational grading with OBE and with DIP scores were performed using SPSS software Results: The mean age of students was 2485 ± 012 years Their average educational grading and the the quiz and the DIP scores were 154 ± 022 658 ± 033 and 745 ± 137 respectively There were no significant differences among genders in the above mentioned variables The Pearson coefficient of the average educational grading was not significantly for the quiz score (0272) and the DIP score (0258) Moreover 91% of students stated that understanding is an essential requirement for success in open book exams Only 3% of students stated that open book exams reduce the incentive to attend classes Conclusion: The average educational grading of medical students in basic sciences stage based on routine quiz scores is not an appropriate index of success in open book exams and gaining a deep understanding of topics The open book exam experience may be effective in increasing their awareness of their weaknesses in understanding concepts reasoning and drawing connection between lessons
Brief report
Abdolhussein Shakurnia; Hossein Elhampour
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 426-432
Abstract
Background & Objective: One of the issues of multiple choice tests is preparation of effective distracter options and position of the correct answer among the distractor options The aim of this study was to determine the position of the correct option in multiple choice tests in Ahvaz Jundishapur ...
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Background & Objective: One of the issues of multiple choice tests is preparation of effective distracter options and position of the correct answer among the distractor options The aim of this study was to determine the position of the correct option in multiple choice tests in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran in 2013 Methods: In this descriptive study 214 exams which were entered into the automated service center of the university were studied in respect to the position of the correct answer Data were analyzed using SPSS software and frequency percentage and chisquare test Results: In general 14359 multiple choice questions were investigated The position of the correct answer was the A option in 2260 questions (157%) the B option in 3893 question (271%) the C option in 4683 question (326%) and the D option in 3523 questions (246%) Chisquare test showed statistically significant difference between of the correct answer in options of A B C and D (P = 0001) The highest percentage of correct answers was in option C and the lowest percentage of correct answer was in option A The findings of the study also revealed that the percentage of the correct answer in the middle options (B and C) was significantly higher than other options (A and D) (597% V 403% P = 0001) Conclusion: The results showed that the distribution of correct choices between options of multiple choice tests performed in the university is not suitable Random selection of the correct options is recommended as a suitable approach to avoiding this problem
Letter to editor
Shima Tabatabai
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 433-435
Letter to editor
Somayyeh Hallaj Nezhadi; Hossein Mazouchian; Behzad Yousefi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 436-437
Letter to editor
Mohammadreza Abedini; Ghasem Karimi; Seyed Alireza Javadinia
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 438-439
Letter to editor
Maryam Poursadeghfard; Sadegh Izadi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , August 2015, Pages 440-441